Effect of Polymeric Network Structure on Drug Release from Cross-Linked Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Micromatrices

Three types of poly(vinyl alcohol) were cross-linked by glutaraldehyde to form water-swellable materials possessing a three-dimensional, molecular network. Proxyphylline and theophylline were incorporated into the polymer networks during the cross-linking reaction. The firm hydrogels formed were dried and reduced to a particle size of 400–630 µm. The molecular structure of the gels was characterized by equilibrium swelling measurements which allowed the determination of the average distance between two cross-links and, hence, the macromolecular mesh size. The sulfate and glutaraldehyde residues contained in the purified and nonpurified cross-linked polymers were analyzed, and methods for their elimination and inactivation were developed. Drug release from the highly cross-linked gels could be controlled over more than 12 hr, as the diffusion process in these very dense macromolecular networks is rather slow. The extent of branching and entanglement of the polymeric chains appeared to have an important effect. In addition, the release rate was influenced greatly by the amount and, to a lesser extent, by the type of drug in the network.