社会资本对老年人健康促进行为的影响

目的 探索社会资本对老年人健康促进行为的影响,为提高老年人的健康促进行为水平并改善其健康状况提供科学依据。 方法 2019年3月,通过多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,采用自行设计的一般情况问卷、社会资本问卷和健康促进生活方式评定量表中文修订版(HPLP-ⅡR),对山西省太原市356名≥60岁社区老年人进行问卷调查。通过t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关和多元逐步回归方法对数据进行分析。 结果 太原市社区老年人的健康促进生活方式得分为(108.84±33.43)分,处于良好水平;不同性别、收入状况及受教育程度的老年人健康促进行为水平差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,老年人社会资本及其维度与健康促进行为及其各维度均呈正相关(r=0.102~0.424,P均<0.05);多元逐步回归分析结果显示,性别(β=0.107)、收入状况(β=0.194)、社会联系(β=0.319)和社会控制(β=0.175)是健康促进行为的影响因素,可解释健康促进行为变异量的23.2%。 结论 通过提高老年人的社会资本水平可显著改善其健康促进行为。其中,社会联系和社会控制表现为强烈的正向作用。

Impact of social capital on health promotion behaviors of the elderly

Objective To Explore the influence of social capital on the health promotion behavior of the elderly, and provide scientific basis for improving the health promotion behavior level of the elderly and improving their health status. Methods In March 2019, through a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, using self-designed general situation questionnaires, social capital questionnaires, and the revised Chinese version of the Health Promotion Lifestyle Rating Scale(HPLP-IIR), a questionnaire survey was conducted among 356 community elderly over 60 years old in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. The data were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression methods. Results The health promotion lifestyle score of the elderly in Taiyuan community was 108.84±33.43, which was in a good level. The differences in health promotion behaviors of the elderly with different gender, income status and education level were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the social capital and its dimensions of the elderly were positively correlated with health promotion behaviors and its dimensions(r=0.102-0.424, all P<0.05). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that gender(β=0.107), income status(β=0.194), social connection(β=0.319), and social control(β=0.175)were influencing factors of health-promoting behaviors, accounting for 23.2% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion By increasing the level of social capital of the elderly, their health promotion behaviors can be significantly improved. Among them, social connection and social control show a strong positive effect.