乙型肝炎疫苗接种预防乙型肝炎和肝癌效果

目的 评价乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗预防乙肝和原发性肝细胞癌(肝癌)的保护效果。方法采用出生队列调查、横断面血清流行病学调查以及乙肝发病和肝癌死亡监测,对乙肝疫苗的预防效果进行评价。结果 婴儿乙肝疫苗普种后14年,接种人群HBsAg阳性率为0.7％～2.9％(平均为1.5％),保护率为83.5％～96.6％;HBV感染率为1.1％～5.1％(平均为2.2％),保护率为93.5％～98.4％。乙肝疫苗普种后15年,1～14岁年龄组乙肝发病率为1.4/10万,下降92.4％;0～19岁组肝癌死亡率为0.17/10万,下降19.23倍。结论 婴儿乙肝疫苗普种可降低急性乙肝发病率和肝癌死亡率。

Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B prevention and on hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B prevention and on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Birth cohort study, cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey, and surveillance of hepatitis B(HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma were used to evaluatie the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination. Results During the 14 years after hepatitis B vaccination, the HBsAg positive rates were found to be 0.7%-2.9%, with an average of 1.5%, and the protective rates were 83.5%- 96. 6%. Hepatitis B virus infection rates of children immunized with hepatitis B vaccine were 1.1% 5.1%,with an average of 2.2% and the protective rates of 93.5% -98.4%.15 years after hepatitis B vaccination, the incidence of hepatitis B dropped from 3.27/10 000 to 0.17/10 000, a 94. 8% decrease, in the group of 0- 19 year-olds. Conclusion The universal infant hepatitis B vaccination has proved to be effective in reducing the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B as well as the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma.