养老机构老年人皮肤健康状况调查及影响因素分析

目的:调查洛阳市养老机构老年人皮肤健康现状并分析影响因素，为构建老年人皮肤健康状况监测及干预体系提供依据。方法:本研究为横断面研究。采用分层随机抽样法，选取2019年11—12月在洛阳市7家养老机构居住的489名老年人为研究对象，使用自行编制的老年人皮肤健康状况调查问卷、简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、一般情况及疾病...

Status and influencing factors of skin health of the aged in pension institutions

Objective To explore the skin health of the aged in pension institutions in Luoyang and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for building a monitoring and intervention system for the skin health of the aged.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Totals of 489 elderly people living in 7 pension institutions in Luoyang from November to December 2019 were selected as the research object by stratified random sampling.The investigation was conducted with the self-designed Skin Health Questionnaire for the Aged,Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),General Information and Disease Status Questionnaire.Single factor analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of the top three skin problems.Results A total of 489 elderly people were surveyed and 163 did not meet the inclusion criteria.A total of 326 questionnaires were actually completed and 321 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Among 321 elderly people in pension institutions,the incidence of skin problems was 89.1%(286/321).The top three skin problems were skin xerosis(58.3%,187/321),pruritus(24.3%,78/321)and superficial fungal infections(14.3%,46/321),and the rest were skin lacerations,pressure injuries,subcutaneous congestion and incontinent dermatitis,with the incidence of 9.3%(30/321),6.5%(21/321),4.4%(14/321)and 2.2%(7/321)respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that age,education level,body mass index(BMI),frequency of skin care were the influencing factors for the occurrence of skin xerosis in the aged in pension institutions(OR=0.474,1.904,0.426,2.026;P<0.01);age,basic diseases,and frequency of skin care were the influencing factors of skin pruritus in the aged in pension institutions(OR=0.645,0.575,1.659;P<0.05);age,type of medication,and MMSE score were the influencing factors for the occurrence of superficial fungal infection in the aged in pension institutions(OR=1.646,0.248,4.539;P<0.05).After the occurrence of various skin problems,most elderly people did not deal with it or deal with it by themselves.Conclusions The aged in pension institutions in Luoyang have many skin health problems,the factors affecting skin diseases are complex,and related treatment measures are not standardized.Medical staff in pension institutions should pay attention to the assessment and management of skin problems in the aged,improve the level of skin care of caregivers,and strengthen skin care education for the aged.