儿童四氢生物蝶呤缺乏症患者6-丙酮酰四氢蝶呤合成酶基因突变特点及一种新突变的发现

目的分析四氢生物蝶呤缺乏症(BH4D)患者6-丙酮酰四氢蝶呤合成酶(PTPS)的基因突变特点,为开展BH4D基因诊断提供依据。方法应用PCR-序列分析法对5例疑似BH4D的高苯丙氨酸血症患儿及其父母进行PTPS基因突变检测;应用序列比对和突变蛋白结构分析推测检测到的新突变的性质,同时用人工引入酶切位点的酶切方法对正常人群进行新突变的筛查。回顾性分析患儿的临床表现及实验室检查等相关资料。结果PTPS基因分析共检测出4种突变:N52S、P87S、D96N和L127F;4例患儿的突变基因型为N52S/L127F、P87S/D96N、N52S/D96N和D96N/-。其中L127F突变(c·379C>T)是首次报道的新突变,筛查50例正常儿童未检测到该突变,同时,经序列比对和突变蛋白结构分析,该突变位点在物种进化上是高度保守的。经基因分析和临床资料核实,1例疑似病例排除了6-丙酮酰四氢蝶呤合成酶缺乏症的诊断。结论BH4D患者的PTPS基因突变构成特点与以往国内研究一致。L127F突变可能为致病性突变,与严重的临床表型相关联。

Mutation analysis and one novel mutation detection of 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase gene in children with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency

Objective To investigate the distribution character of the mutations of 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) gene and to provide effective basis for gene diagnosis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (BH4D) in children with hyperphenylalaninemia. Methods Direct sequencing was performed for screening the PTPS gene mutations in 5 patients with clinically suspected BH4D and their parents. The nature of the novel mutations were deduced by the sequences alignment and the structural analysis of mutant protein. Artificial construct restriction site was used to detect the novel mutation in the control samples. The dates of urinary pterin analysis and BH4 loading test were retrospectively analyzed after gene analysis. Results Four PTPS gene mutations (N52S, P87S, D96N, and L127F) were detected in our study. The genotypes of four PTPS deficiency patients were identified as N52S/L127F, P87S/D96N, N52S/D96N, and D96N/-. As a novel mutation that has not been reported previously, the mutation L127F was not detected in 50 normal controls. This novel mutation L127F was inherited from the patient's mother, and this mutant site was highly conserved by sequences alignment and the protein structural analysis. Four of the five cases with hyperphenylalaninemia and suspicious BH4D, whose urinary biopterin percentage was lower than 2%, were diagnosed as PTPS deficiency during 5-20 months old. The remaining one case was excluded from BH4D. Conclusions The mutant characterization of PTPS gene was coincident with other early studies in Chinese. The novel mutation L127F was considered as a pathogenetic mutation and associated with severe clinical phenotype.