依恋模式对失独人群创伤后应激障碍的影响

目的 调查失独人群创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状与依恋模式的关系。方法 随机抽取上海市某地区149名失独个体作为研究对象，采用创伤后应激障碍筛查量表-城市居民版（PCL-C）和成人依恋量表修订版（AAS-1996）进行PTSD症状和成人依恋模式评定。结果 PTSD症状的阳性率为30.9%（46/149），其中女性发生PTSD的比例高于男性（P<0.01）。不安全型依恋模式个体的PTSD阳性率高于安全型依恋模式个体（P<0.01），且在PTSD的B（反复出现创伤性体验）、C（情感麻木与回避）、D（警觉性增高）3组症状群方面两组间的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。不同的依恋模式对PTSD的影响不同，恐惧型依恋模式个体更易发生PTSD。结论 不安全型依恋模式的失独个体易发生PTSD，尤其是恐惧型的不安全依恋模式。失独女性PTSD症状的检出率为高于男性。

Effect of attachment patterns on post-traumatic stress disorders of parents who lost their only child

Objective To investigate the relationship between symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the attachment patterns among parents who lost their only child. Methods A total of 149 individuals who lost their only child were randomly selected in an area of Shanghai, China. Post-traumatic stress disorder check list-civilian version (PCL-C) scale and adult attachment scale-revised edition (AAS-1996) were used to assess the symptoms of PTSD and adult attachment patterns. Results The prevalence rate of PTSD was 30.9% (46/149), and the prevalence rate of the females was significantly higher than that of the males (P<0.01). The prevalence rate of PTSD of the individuals with insecure attachment patterns was significantly higher than that of the individuals with secure attachment patterns (P<0.01), and the prevalence rates were significantly different between the two groups in the B (repeated traumatic experience), C (emotional numbness and avoidance) and D (increased alertness) of PTSD (all P<0.05). Different types of attachment patterns had different effects on PTSD, and the individuals with fear attachment patterns were more likely to develop PTSD. Conclusion The individuals losing their only child with insecure attachment patterns, especially the fear attachment patterns, are more likely to develop PTSD; and the prevalence rate of females losing their only child is significantly higher than that of males.