社会支持对工作压力与工作倦怠关系的调节作用

目的探讨社会支持在企业员工工作压力与工作倦怠之间关系的调节作用。方法采用工作压力量表、MBI-GS工作倦怠量表通用版和社会支持量表,随机抽取深圳市3家大型企业1 068名员工进行自填式问卷调查。采用相关分析、简单线性回归分析和复回归分析等统计方法,检验水准α为0.05。结果企业员工工作压力与工作倦怠显著正相关（r=0.39）,客观支持、主观支持和对支持的利用度与工作倦怠显著负相关（r=-0.31,-0.30,-0.16）。简单回归分析结果显示,工作压力对情绪衰竭（男β=0.62,女β=0.84）、消极怠慢（男β=0.47,女β=0.72）和专业低效能感（男β=0.18,女β=0.45）均有正向预测作用,且对女性员工的影响力度高于男性。复回归分析结果显示,引入客观支持、主观支持和对支持的利用度后,工作压力对工作倦怠、情绪衰竭、消极怠慢和专业低效能感的回归系数均显著下降（男β由0.41、0.62、0.47、0.18分别降为0.31、0.50、0.41、0.09,女β由0.55、0.84、0.72、0.45分别降为0.50、0.78、0.68、0.38）。在同等压力状态下,高客观支持和高主观支持员工的工作倦怠水平显著低于低客观支持和低主观支持的员工,工作压力由低到高,高、低客观支持差值分别为0.43、0.45、0.34,高、低主观支持差值分别为0.33、0.35、0.47。结论工作压力是工作倦怠的重要影响因素,社会支持是工作压力和工作倦怠的有效调节变量,女性员工的工作压力和社会支持对工作倦怠的影响大于男性。

Mediation of social support on work stress and burnout among enterprise employees

Objective To explore the moderating effect of social support on job stress and burnout among enterprise employees. Methods Total 1 068employees from 3big enterprises were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire survey using work stress scale,Maslach burnout inventory-general survey and social support scale,linear regression and multiple regression analysis were used for data statistical analysis. Results Job stress was positively related to job burnout（r=0.39）,while objective support,subjective support and support availability were negatively correlated to job burnout（r=-0.31,-0.30,-0.16）.Simple regression analysis showed that job stress had forward prediction on motional exhaustion（maleβ=0.62,femaleβ= 0.84）,cynicism（maleβ=0.47,femaleβ=0.72）and diminished professional efficacy（maleβ=0.18,femaleβ=0.45）,especially to female employees.Multiple regression analysis showed that after the involvement of objective support,subjective support and support availability,the standard regression coefficients of job stress to job burnout,emotional exhaustion,cynicism and diminished professional efficacy were all significantly dropped.Under the same work pressure,high objective support and high subjective support could diminish the level of burnout.The differences between high and low objective support and subjective support were 0.43,0.45,0.34,and 0.33,0.35,0.47under high to low work pressure. Conclusions Job stress is the major influencing factor to job burnout.Social support is the effective moderating variable for job stress and burnout,especially among female employees.