原发性肾病综合征患者尿水通道蛋白异常及其意义

目的：探讨原发性肾病综合征患者尿液水通道蛋白含量变化与其在肾组织中表达量的相关性.方法：54例经肾活检病理证实为原发性肾小球疾病的患者分为3组,即非NS组（A组）、NS不伴水肿组（B组）、NS伴水肿组（C组）,应用ELISA法检测患者尿液AQP1及AQP2含量,免疫组化法检测3组患者肾组织AQP1及AQP2的表达.结果：（1）C组尿液AQP1含量为（43.078±17.923）μg,较A组的（39.189±12.448）μg及B组的（41.492±14.766）μg有升高,但差异无统计学意义;C组（45.309±16.921）μg、B组（38.621±13.187）μg尿AQP2含量显著高于A组的（30.320±9.528）μg;（2）AQP1主要表达于近端小管,C组AQP1阳性面积百分比为（0.414±0.201）%,显著低于A组的（0.683±0.311）%及B组的（0.652±0.300）%,A、B组间表达差异无统计学意义;AQP2主要表达于集合管,C组AQP2阳性面积百分比为（0.823±0.002）%,显著高于A组的（0.512±0.213）%及B组的（0.665±0.228）%,A、B两组间表达也差异有统计学意义;（3）尿AQP1含量与AQP1阳性面积百分比无显著相关性;B、C两组尿AQP2含量与AQP2阳性面积百分比呈显著正相关.结论：尿AQP2含量能反映其在肾组织中表达的多寡,但尿AQP1含量与其在肾组织的表达无明显相关.

The Abnormalities of Urine Aquaporin Concentration in Patients with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome and Its Significance

Objective：To explore the relation between the expression of aquaporins in kidney tissure and urine aquaporin concentration in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome（PNS）. Methods ：54 PNS patients, diagnosed by renal biopsy, were divided into three groups： non -NS group（ group A）, NS without edema group （group B）and NS coexisted with edema group（ group C）. The urine aquaporin concentration were detected by ELISA, and expressions of AQPI and AQP2 in kidney tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results： （ 1 ）The urine aquaporin - 1 concentration in group c was （43. 078 ± 17. 923 ） μg,which was higher than that in group A（ 39. 189 ± 12. 448 ）μg and group b （41. 492± 14. 766 ）μg, but the difference was not significant. The urine aquaporin- 2 concentrations in group C（45.309 ± 16. 921 ） μg and group b（38. 621 ± 13. 187） μg were significant higher than that in group A （30.320 ± 9. 528 ） μg. （ 2 ） AQP1 mainly expressed in the proximal tubule. The proportion of AQP1 positive area in group C was （0.414 ± 0. 201 ）%, which was significant lower than that in group A（ 0. 683 ± 0.311 ）% and group B （0. 652 ± 0. 300）%, but there was no significant difference between that in group a and group B. AQP2 mainly expressed in the collecting duct. The proportion of AQP2 positive area in group C was （0.823 ± 0. 002）%, which was significant higher than that in group A （0. 512± 0.213% ） and group B（0.665 ± 0.228 ）%, meanwhile the difference between that in group A and group B was also significant. （3）The urine aquaporin- 1 concentrations had no significant correlations with its expressions in kidney tissure,while the urine aquaporin- 2 concentra- tions had significant positive correlations with its expressions in kidney tissure in group B and C. Conclusion：The urine aquaporin -2 concentrations could present its expressions in kidney tissure, but there was no significant correlations between the urine aquaporin - 1 concentrations and its expressions in kidney fissure.