血小板参数在急性心肌梗死临床评估中的作用

目的 研究急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者血小板计数、血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW)、平均血小板体积(mean platelet volume,MPV)的动态演变,以及它们对急性心肌梗死风险评估的价值.方法 回顾性分析2012年至2014年间苏州大学附属第一医院收治的312例AMI患者,将患者分为ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)组、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(non ST-elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)组以及低PDW组、高PDW组,比较患者的临床资料及生化指标;收集所有患者入院第1天、第2天及第7天的血小板体积指标,分析其动态演变;GRACE风险评分系统评估患者住院期间病死率、1年内病死率和1年内死亡及再发急性心肌梗死风险;Spearman相关性分析研究MPV、PDW与GRACE预测风险的相关性.结果 ST段抬高型心肌梗死组发病年轻化(P =0.005),高血脂、吸烟者比例更高(P＜0.01),住院期间死亡风险更大(P=0.014).高PDW组的患者发生充血性心力衰竭、心源性休克比例更高(P＜0.01;P=0.026),KillipⅣ级患者更多(P＜0.01).PDW与患者住院期间病死率、1年内病死率和1年内死亡及再发急性心肌梗死风险显著相关(r =0.69,P＜0.01;r=0.68,P＜0.01;r=0.70,P＜0.01);MPV与患者1年内病死率相关(r =0.30,P=0.02).结论 PDW与急性心肌梗死严重程度相关,能够预测住院期间死亡、1年内死亡及再梗风险,辅助风险分层,有助于高危患者的筛选,从而制定合理的治疗方案、选择更积极的干预措施,改善患者整体预后.

The role of platelet parameters in the clinical assessment of acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW),and to explore the role of MPV and PDW in the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods This retrospective cohort study included 312 patients with AMI during 2012 to 2014 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.Patients were divided into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) group,non ST-elevation myocardial infarction group and low PDW group,high PDW group.Their clinical data and outcomes were analyzed.MPV and PDW were measured successively from admission to day-7 after AMI.The relationship between PDW,MPV and GRACE risk score was further investigated.Results In the STEMI group,the patients were younger (P =0.005),and with higher rates of hyperlipidemia and smoking (P ＜ 0.01).Patients in STEMI group had higher risk of death during hospitalization,compared to NSTEMI (P =0.014).In the high PDW group,the rates of congestion heart failure,cardiogenic shock and Killip ⅣV were higher (P ＜ 0.01;P =0.026;P ＜ 0.01).PDW was significantly associated with mortality of in-hospital,one-year mortality and the risk of re-infarction in one year (r =0.69,P ＜ 0.01;r =0.68,P ＜0.01;r =0.70,P ＜ 0.01).MPV was associated with one-year mortality (r =0.30,P =0.02).Conclusions PDW related to the severity of AMI could predict the risk of in-hospital mortality,one-year mortality and re-infarction.It was helpful to screen out the high-risk patients,so as to make more suitable treatment to improve the prognosis of patients.