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Enlarged parietal foramina: a review of genetics, prognosis, radiology, and treatment |
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| Authors: | Christoph J. Griessenauer Philip Veith Martin M. Mortazavi Carrie Stewart Angela Grochowsky Marios Loukas R. Shane Tubbs |
| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 2. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA 3. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA |
| Abstract: | IntroductionEnlarged parietal foramina are variable ossification defects in the parietal bones that present as symmetric radiolucencies on skull radiographs. In contrast to the normal small parietal foramina, enlarged parietal foramina are a hereditary condition and genes associated with it have been identified.MethodsA literature review was performed to discuss the many known findings related to enlarged parietal foramina.ConclusionsEven though they remain asymptomatic in the majority of cases, they may be associated with other pathologies and occasionally become symptomatic. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of enlarged parietal foramina. |
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