The behavioral change of locomotor activity in a kaolin-induced hydrocephalus rat model: Evaluation of the effect on the dopaminergic system with progressive ventricle dilatation

Hydrocephalus is a pathological enlargement of the cerebral ventricle that results from an obstruction of the space containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Motor abnormalities, such as abnormal gait and posture, are frequently seen in patients with hydrocephalus. The present study was designed to investigate locomotor activity in the elevated plus maze behaviorally. Hydrocephalus was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by injection of 0.1 ml of 20% kaolin solution into the cisterna magna (n = 14). Control rats received the same volume of saline (n = 12). The rats were sacrificed at 3 days and 4 weeks after the elevated plus maze test. Tyrosine hydroxlyase (TH) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra was evaluated by immunohistological staining. Hydrocephalic rats showed decreased motor activity for entries of arms when compared to control rats (p < 0.05). Compared to control rats, the number of TH immunoreactive neurons was significantly decreased in hydrocephalic rats. These results suggest that decreased motor responses due to ventricle enlargement in hydrocephalic rats are associated with the functional impairment of the central dopamine system.