COVID-19 Symptoms and Deaths among Healthcare Workers,United States |
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| Authors: | Shao Lin Xinlei Deng Ian Ryan Kai Zhang Wangjian Zhang Ese Oghaghare DeeDee Bennett Gayle Benjamin Shaw |
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| Affiliation: | University of Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, USA (S. Lin, X. Deng, I. Ryan, K. Zhang, E. Oghaghare, B. Shaw);Sun Yat-Sen University School of Public Health, Guangzhou, China (W. Zhang);University at Albany College of Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security and Cybersecurity, Albany, New York, USA (D. Bennett Gayle);University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA (B. Shaw) |
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| Abstract: | We evaluated whether demographics and COVID-19 symptoms predicted COVID-19 deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the United States by comparing COVID-19 deaths in HCWs with 3 control groups (HCW nondeaths, non-HCW deaths, and non-HCW nondeaths) using a case–control design. We obtained patient-level data of 33 variables reported during January 1, 2020–October 12, 2021, in all US states. We used logistic regression analysis while controlling for confounders. We found that persons who were >50 years of age, male, Black, or Asian experienced significantly more deaths than matched controls. In addition, HCWs who died had higher risks for the most severe clinical indicators. We also found that the most indicative symptoms were preexisting medical conditions, shortness of breath, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In summary, minority, male, and older HCWs had greater risk for COVID-19 death. Severe clinical indicators and specific symptoms may predict COVID-19–related deaths among HCWs. |
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| Keywords: | COVID-19 coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viruses respiratory infections zoonoses deaths healthcare workers demographics health status indicators United States |
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