中国饮茶型氟中毒现况调查

目的 全面查清我国饮茶型氟中毒的流行范围、地域特征和受威胁人口等基础资料.方法 针对目前已知的可能有饮茶型氟中毒流行的内蒙古自治区、西藏自治区、四川省、新疆自治区、青海省、甘肃省、宁夏自治区和云南省开展全面的基础数据调查,内容包括调查省份具有饮茶习惯的县(市)总数、乡(镇)总数、所辖人口总数、民族构成、生产生活方式、年销售砖茶量、销售砖茶种类等方面信息.结果 有饮用砖茶习惯的县241个,其中有饮砖茶习惯的乡(镇)3246个,饮用砖茶年限超过30年的占87.46%(2839/3246).共包括31 684个行政村(居民委员会)、15 047个小学和2873座寺院.人口总数为31 052 398人,僧侣人数122 739人.包括53个民族,其中汉族人口占44.86%(12 902 710/31 052 398),维吾尔族占20.98%(7 416 474/31 052 398),藏族占13.34%(4 323 272/31 052 398),回族占8.15%(2 767 603/31 052 398),蒙古族占4.61%(1 400 206/31 052 398),哈萨克族占3.45%(1 218 272/31 052 398).在全部饮砖茶人口中,农业人口占64.13%(19 912 833/31 052 398),牧业人口占8.79%(2 728 418/31 052 398),半农半牧人口占12.53%(3 889 678/31 052 398),城镇人口占14.56%(4 521 169/31 052 398).所调查地区年均砖茶销售量为3926.74 t,主要品种为茯砖茶、青砖茶和黑砖茶.砖茶消耗地区主要分布在牧区和半农半牧区.牧业人121年人均砖茶消耗量为3.77 kg,半农半牧人121年人均消耗砖茶量为2.05kg.结论 饮用砖茶的地区在我国西部省份分布广泛,覆盖人口众多,主要危害牧业和半农半牧业人口.饮茶型氟中毒在我国西部地区是一个严重的公共卫生问题.

A cross-sectional survey on drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in China

Objectives To clarify the basic data such as prevalent range,regiohal characteristics and the population at risk of drinking brick-tea type fluorosis in China.Methods Comprehensive survey for basic information was conducted in the provinces and autonomous regions where drinking brick-tea type fluorosis Wag prevalent,ineluding Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province,Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province,Gansu Province,Ningxia Autonomous Region and Yunan Province.The survey included the number ot counties(cifies)and townships(towns)where the people were accustomed to drinking brick-tea,pepulation,ethnic minority composition,the production and living style,sales and the kinds of brick-tea aIn so on.Results Two hundred and forty-one counties and 3246 townships were found to haye the habit 0f drinking brick-tea,among which 87.46%(2839/3246)had the habit for more than 30 years.There were 31 684 administrative vilages(residents' committees),15 047 elementary schools and 2873 temples surveyed,coveting a total population of 31 052 398 and 122 739 monks.Fifty-three ethnic minorities were involved.Han accounted for 44.86%(12 902 710/31 052 398), Uighur ethnic for 20.98%(7 416 474/31 052 398),Tibetan ethnic for 13.34%(4 323 272/31 052 398),Muslim ethnicfor 8.15%(2 767 603/31 052 398),Mongolian ethnic for 4.61%(1 400 206/31 052 398),Kazak ethnicfor 3.45% (1 218 272/31 052 398),of the population of drinking brick-tea,farmer population accounted for 64.13%(19 912 833/ 31 052 398),herdsman population for 8.79%(2 728 418/31 052 398),farmer-herdsman population for 12.53%(3 889 678/ 31 052 398)and town population for 14.56%(4 521 169/31 052 398).There Was 3926.74 tons of brick-tea sold per year in the investigated regions,mainly of Fu brick-tea,Green brick-tea and Black brick-tea.Areas with high brick- tea consumption distributed mainly in farmer region and farmer-herdsman region.Annual per capita consumption of brick-tea for farmers was 3.77 kg,and for farmer-herdsman population was 2.05 kg.Conclusions Begions with the habit of drinking brick-tea distributes extensively in western China and cover a huge population,and the herdsmen and farmer-herdsman are the main risk population.Drinking brick-tea type fluorosis is a seriolls public health issue in western China.