水泥作业工人的职业暴露和吸烟对肺通气功能和胸部X线影像的影响

目的分析职业暴露和吸烟对水泥作业工人肺通气功能和胸部X线影像的影响。方法对某市参加职业病体检的工人进行不同层次分组作回顾性研究。结果水泥厂工人不接尘组与接尘组比较，接尘组FVC％、FEV1％、FEV1％（％）低于标准值例数及胸片0^＋例数明显高于不接尘组，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；而工期尘肺两者无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。水泥厂接尘工人吸烟组与不吸烟组肺通气功能与胸片的比较，吸烟组FVC％低于标准值例数明显高于不吸烟组，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；吸烟组FEV1％低于标准值例数高于不吸烟组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05），FEV1％（％）低于标准值例数、胸片0^＋、Ⅰ期尘肺例数无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论水泥企业的职业暴露和吸烟对工人的肺通气功能影响是明显的，对X线胸部影像改变也是肯定的，肺通气功能变化比X线影像变化敏感。

Effect of Occupational Exposure and Smoking on the Lung Ventilation Function and X-Ray Image in Chest among Concrete Workers

[Objective] To analyze the effect of occupational exposure and smoking on lung ventilation function and X-ray image in chest.[Methods] Stratified retrospective study was carried out on the workers who accepted occupational disease examination in a certain city.[Results] The comparison indicated that the standardized forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1%) and forced expiratory rate(FEV1%) of the dust-exposed workers were significantly lower than that of the control group.The cases of pneumoconiosis O+ in the dust-exposed group was more than that in the control group(P<0.01).As for pneumoconiosis stage I,the difference between the two groups was not significant(P<0.05).The comparison between the smoking group and the non-smoking group on the lung ventilation function indicated significant difference between the two groups in the cases of abnormal FVC(P<0.01) and FEV1(P<0.05),the smoking group had more cases than the non-smoking group.However,no significant difference was found in the standardized FEV1%,cases of O+ and pneumoconiosis stage I(P>0.05).[Conclusion] Occupational exposure and smoking have significant effect on both the lung ventilation function of the concrete workers and the chest X-ray image.