2015—2016年自贡市中小学生近视流行现况与教室环境卫生关联性分析

目的了解2015—2016年自贡市中小学生近视的流行现况及教室环境卫生状况,为近视的预防及后期进行影响因素研究提供线索。方法利用2015-2016年自贡市中小学生常见病和教学与生活环境卫生监测工作终期数据,分析7～18岁中小学生近视检出情况,利用2×2列联表的关联性分析探索教室环境监测评价综合结果与学生近视之间关系。结果2015-2016年中小学生近视检出率分别为44.9%、53.4%,重度近视占近视的比例分别为62.8%、69.4%;2016年近视检出增长率为18.7%,其中重度近视检出增长率最大。城区中小学生近视检出率高于乡村,女生近视检出率高于男生,城乡学生近视检出率均随着学习阶段递增而增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);教室环境监测评价综合得分低的学校学生近视检出率高(P＜0.05,Ф＞0)。结论自贡市中小学生近视检出情况较严重,不容乐观,应加强中小学近视筛查并采取干预措施;中小学教室环境卫生监测项目达标低,可能是导致学生近视高检出率的原因之一,应完善相关教学设施的建设。

Correlation between prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students and classroom environment health status in Zigong City, 2015-2016

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of myopia among primary and middle school students and classroom environment health status, so as to provide the clue for the prevention and influential factor studies of myopia. MethodsThe final data from the common disease examinations of primary and middle school students and teaching and living environment hygienic monitoring were utilized to analyze the detection rates of myopia of the students at the age of 7-18 years in Zigong City from 2015 to 2016. The correlation between the synthesis scores of classroom monitoring and myopia was analyzed by 2×2 contingency table. ResultsThe detection rates of myopia of the primary and middle school students were 44.9% and 53.4%, while the proportions of severe myopia were 62.8% and 69.4% respectively in 2015 and 2016. The growth rate of myopia was 18.7% in 2016 while the growth rate of severe myopia was the maximum. The detection rate of myopia of the students in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, and the detection rate of myopia of the girls was higher than that in the boys. The detection rates of myopia showed an increasing trend with the progressive increase of the learning phase among urban and rural students (P<0.05). The detection rate of myopia of the students was higher in the schools with the lower synthesis scores of classroom monitoring (P<0.05). ConclusionMyopia of primary and middle school students is relatively common in Zigong City, and the poor classroom environment health status might be one of the causes of myopia of the students. Therefore, the relative authorities should improve the construction of teaching equipment, and so on.