婴幼儿喂养问题情况调查

目的了解婴幼儿哺乳及乳类以外食物添加情况。方法选取2004年3月-2008年2月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院儿童保健门诊收治的主诉有喂养困难或睡眠不实、哭闹、排便紊乱等症状与喂养相关的婴幼儿为调查对象，将中华医学会儿科学分会儿童保健学组婴幼儿喂养建议及美国儿科学会儿科护理教材作为喂养适宜的判定标准，采用医生与家长一对一访谈及统一调查问卷形式，详细询问家长就诊时哺乳和乳类以外食物添加情况。结果基本符合婴幼儿适宜推荐哺乳次数者仅占10．9％（97／886）；多于推荐次数占82．6％（732／886），有6．4％（57／886）哺乳少于推荐次数。〈4月龄、4～6月龄和〉6月龄超过适宜推荐次数分别占各自月龄组的40．4％（19／47）、53．0％（87／164）、92．7％（626／675），随月龄增加超过适宜推荐频次者增多（Х2=104．137，P〈O．001）。〉4月龄婴幼儿有夜间哺乳行为者达86．5％（726／839），其中2次者占39．9％（355／839），〉3次者占25．6％（214／839），夜间哺乳频次并没有随月龄增加而减少（Х2=28．869，P=O．017）。在〈4月龄婴儿中，有12．8％（6／47）已经开始添加乳类以外食物；4-,6月龄时添加者占67．7％（111／164）；但6-9月龄、9～12月龄、12-36月龄尚未添加者分别占43．6％（144／330）、17．4％（32／184）、11．2％（18／161）。结论喂养问题婴幼儿哺乳频次和夜间哺乳偏多，乳类以外食物添加出现偏晚与偏早现象。

The analysis of feeding behavior in infants and toddlers with feeding problems JIN Chun-hua,WANG Xiao-yan,ZHANG Yue,ZHANG Li-li,YANG Rui-hua,DU Lei

[ Objective ] Discuss breast feeding and complementary feeding in infants and toddlers with feeding problems. [ Methods ] From Mar. 2004 to Feb. 2008, after excluding organic and chronic diseases infants and toddlers with feeding problems were determined to be observation objects. Inquire parents one on one with questions regarding to breast feeding, complementary feeding and feeding behavior before they came for treatment. [ Resluts ] The normal frequency of breast feeding for infants and toddlers within this research accounted for only 10.9%（97/886）, 82.6% of infants and toddlers maintained a higher breast feeding frequency than recommended range. The amount that possessed an above-normal frequency in infants less than 4 months, 4-6 months and more than 6 months accounted for 40.4%（19/47）, 53.0%（87/164） and 92.7%（626/675）, respectively. There were increments in above-normal frequency in infants and toddlers with age 0（Х2=104.137, P〈0.001）. The amount that possessed an below-normal frequency accounted for 6.4% （57/886）, 86.0% of which was less than 6 months. For infants more than 4 months old, 86.5% of them kept breast feeding behavior at night, 39.9% of which had breast feeding for 2 times and 26.8% of which had breast feeding for more than 3 times. There was not decrease in breast feeding behavior at night frequency in infants and toddlers with age （Х2=31.106, P=0.017）. For infants of less than 4 months and 4-6 months old, 12.8% and 67.7% of them added food supplement respectively. For infants of 6-9, 9-12 and 12-36 months old, 43.6%, 17.4% and 11.2% of them failed to add food supplement respectively. [ Conclusions ] It is more common that frequency of breast feeding and breast feeding behavior at night in infants and toddlers inappropriate feeding problems more than normal.Added food supplement late or early co-exist in infants and toddlers inappropriate feeding problems.