北京地区变应性鼻炎患病情况及危险因素分析

目的 了解北京地区变应性鼻炎患病情况及相关危险因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京地区2 216名居民,通过问卷调查、体检及皮肤点刺试验对调查对象进行变应性鼻炎流行病学调查。结果 调查对象变应性鼻炎的患病率为25.72%,男女性患病差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患病率以21~30年龄段最高,各年龄组患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元logistic回归分析表明,居住环境污染(OR=2.437)、父母有变应性鼻炎史(OR=8.546)、有花粉过敏史(OR=3.752)、有哮喘病史(OR=1.873)、职业接触粉尘(OR=3.182)是变应性鼻炎发病的危险因素。结论 青壮年是变应性鼻炎发病的主要人群,40岁以下的青年人发病率较高,且随年龄增长发病率逐渐下降。

Prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in Beijing region

Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in Beijing region.Methods A total of 2 215 residents were selected with stratified cluster sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire,physical examination and skin prick test on allergic rhinitis.Results The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 25.72% and there was no significant between-gender difference in the prevalence(P>0.05).The partiapants of 21-30 years old had the highest prevalence rate and there were statistical between-age group difference(P<0.05).Occupation,living environmental pollution,cockroaches and other insects in house,with parental allergic rhinitis history,pollen allergies,asthma history,and occupational exposure to dust were influencing factors of allergic rhinitis(all P<0.05).The results of multi-factor logistic regression showed that living environmental pollution(odds ratio[OR]=2.437),parental history of allergic rhinitis(OR=8.546),pollen allergies(OR=3.752),history of asthma(OR=1.873),and occupational dust exposure(OR=3.182) were the risk factors of allergic rhinitis.Conclusion The prevalence of allergic rhinits is higher in young adults but then decreases with the increment of age among the residents in Beijing region.