飞行员通气过度训练方法的建立

目的旨在建立体验通气过度症状的训练方法，并与缺氧训练相结合，使飞行员区分该两类症状和掌握正确的处理方法。方法受训者为30名歼击机飞行员。采用以肺阻抗通气图为主的呼吸强度定量控制技术，使呼吸频率（f）和潮气侵（TV）分别控制在40次／min和1．2L／次，实施600s通气过度训练，并记录脑电图、脑血流图、心电图、血压、呼气未CO2分压（PETCO2）、f、TV。5－10min后进行常规缺氧训练。结果29例于259±155s出现通气过度症状。PETCO2与时间的变化曲线呈指数式下降（P＜0．01）、心率加快、脑电α波幅升高，脑血流量下降（P＜0．01）。26例体验到通气过度与缺氧症状的差异，其特点是通气过度以四肢、躯体麻木感为主（P＜0．05），缺氧以头晕、眼花、心悸为主（P＜0．05）。结论该训练方法安全，效果可信，飞行员易接受，可达到训练目的。

Development of method for experiencing hyperventilation in pilots

Objective The authors' purpose was to develop the method for experiencing symp-toms of hyperventilation along with those of hypoxia in pilots so that they could differentiate these twoexperiencing and take appropriate measures. Methods Thirty fighter pilots served as subjects.Impedance pneumography was used to control respiratory intensity quantitatively, so that the respirato-ry frequency (f) was 40/min and tidal volume (TV) 1. 2 L. EEG, REG, ECG, BP, PETCO2, f and TVwere recorded. Subjects were told that hyperventilation should be ceased as soon as appearence of dis-comfort,otherwise hyperventilation would continue for 600 s. Ten minutes after hyperventilation experi-encing, the subjects underwent hypoxic exposure using 7. 1% oxygen gas mixture. Results It wasfound that, in 29 out of 30 subjects hyperventilation symptoms appeared within 600 s. As the time ofhyperventilation went on, PrrCO2 was lowered, cerebralt blood flow decreased,while HR increased sig-nificantly. Most(n= 26) subjects experienced the difference between symptoms of hyperventilation andthose of hypoxia. The dominant symptoms of hyperventilation was numbness of trunk and limbs, andthe main symptoms of hypoxia were dizziness,blurred vision and palpitation. Conclusion It is con-cluded that, this method for experiencing hyperventilation was safe, effective and feasible.