蜕膜自然杀伤细胞在妊娠并发症中的作用研究进展

蜕膜自然杀伤（dNK）细胞是存在于母胎界面并与胎儿滋养层细胞密切接触的免疫细胞。dNK细胞可能通过分泌相关细胞因子在母胎耐受、螺旋动脉重铸、血管形成以及妊娠期并发症的发生中发挥重要作用。近年来研究发现dNK细胞与正常妊娠的发生及维持密切相关，并发现妊娠期并发症如复发性自然流产、子痫前期等普遍存在dNK细胞细胞学及免疫学等方面的异常改变。综述近年来dNK细胞的最新研究，包括数量、表型、分泌的相关细胞因子及血管生成因子等，以及dNK细胞在妊娠并发症发病中的可能机制。

Research Progress on the Role of Decidual Natural Killer Cells in Pregnancy Complications

Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells accumulate in the maternal decidua during pregnancy and are found in direct contact with fetal trophoblasts. However, the mechanisms of dNK cells during pregnancy are mostly unknown. By secreting cytokines/chemokines and angiogenic factors, dNK cells participate in normal placentation including feto-maternal tolerance, spiral artery remodeling and neovascularization during decidualization in a successful pregnancy. In recent years, dNK cells have been found to be closely related to the occurrence and maintenance of normal pregnancy. It has also been found that abnormal changes of DNK cell cytology and immunology and other aspects are common in complications of pregnancy such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, pre-eclampsia, etc. This review intended to summarize and discuss recent data that may challenge the conventional view of dNK cells, including quantitative, phenotypic, secretory cytokines and angiogenic factors, and possible mechanisms of dNK cells in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. To elucidate latest knowledge on dNK cells, may guide the prevention and treatment of complicated pregnancies.