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Oral contraceptive use and bone density in adolescent and young adult women |
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| Authors: | Delia Scholes Laura Ichikawa Leslie Spangler Susan Reed Susan M. Ott |
| Affiliation: | a Group Health Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA 98101, USA b Women's Health Initiative, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA d Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA |
| Abstract: | BackgroundMost of the millions of oral contraceptive (OC) users are under 30 years of age and in the critical period for bone mass accrual.Study DesignThis cross-sectional study of 606 women aged 14-30 years examined both OC duration and estrogen dose and their association with bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip, spine, and whole body (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).ResultsOf 389 OC users and 217 nonusers enrolled, 50% were adolescents (14-18 years). Of OC users, 38% used “low-dose” OCs [<30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE)]. In adolescents, mean BMD differed by neither OC duration nor EE dose. However, 19- to 30-year-old women's mean BMD was lower with longer OC use for spine and whole body (p=.004 and p=.02, respectively) and lowest for >12 months of low-dose OCs for the hip, spine and whole body (p=.02, .003 and .002, respectively).ConclusionsProlonged use of today's OCs, particularly <30 mcg EE, may adversely impact young adult women's bone density while using these agents. |
| Keywords: | Bone mineral density Oral contraceptives Hormones Peak bone density Adolescents |
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