极低出生体重儿的近期随访及预后研究

目的　了解极低出生体重儿 (VLBWI)的预后 ,更好地指导临床实践。　方法　对 1996～1999年从我院新生儿加强监护病房 (NICU)治愈或好转出院的VLBWI进行近期随访 ,了解其生长发育、疾病等情况 ,并对 31例VLBWI作全面的体格检查和智力、视听功能测试以及免疫功能检查。　结果　体格发育和生长发育情况与随访年龄有关 ,随访年龄越小 ,体格发育和生长发育异常率越高 ,1～ 2岁时基本达正常 ,但以小于 - 1s占多数 ;智力发育异常率占 2 1.43%。体格发育和智力发育异常与胎龄和出生体重、并发症、喂养方式、早期教育间均未见相关性。本组随访儿中有反复呼吸道感染者达 80 % ,但免疫球蛋白基本正常。视听功能正常。　结论　VLBWI早期存在体格、生长发育迟后 ,至 1～ 2岁趋正常范围 ;智力发育大多数正常 ;存在反复感染 ,而免疫球蛋白正常。视力、听力功能基本正常。

Short-term follow-up of very low birth weight infants and their outcome

Objective In order to explore the outcome of very-low- birth-weight (VLBW) infants for improving medical practices. Methods The VLBW infants discharged from NICU of our hospital from 1996 to 1999 were given short-term follow-up and assessed with their physical growth and specific conditions. 31 cases of those were given overall physical examinations, mental evaluations, ophthalmologic examinations, hearing assessments and detection for immunologic function. Results The physical growth related to the chronological age of follow-up, the rate of growth abnormalities increases with decreasing chronological age; by the age of 1-2 years the values falled within the normal ranges, but most of those were under -1s level; the percentage of infants with mental problems was 21.43%. The physical development, mental development had no relations with the gestational age, body weight at birth, complications, mode of feeding and early education. The percentage of these infants with repeated respiratory infection was 80%, but their immunoglobulin levels were normal for age. The vision and hearing functions were also normal. Conclusion The short-term follow-up of VLBW infants suggest: during early infancy these VLBW infants presented physical and growth retardation, but caught up to normal ranges by the age of 1-2 years. Most of these infants showed normal mental status. Recurrent infections existed, but their immunoglobulin levels were normal for age. The vision and hearing functions were also normal.