Toxicity of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid to the adult crested newt |
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| Authors: | N Pacces Zaffaroni T Zavanella M L Ferrari E Arias |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Department of Toxicology, Research Centre, Farmitalia-Carlo Erba, Nerviano, Milan, Italy;1. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Frederiksborgvej 399, POBox 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;3. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway;4. Norwegian Institute for Water research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;5. Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway;6. Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svarbard, POBox 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway;1. Laboratory of Protozoology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;2. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China;1. Iranian Plateau Herpetology Research Group (IPHRG), Razi University, Bagh e Abrisham 6714967346 Kermanshah, Iran;2. Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany;3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Sardasht, 3813853945 Arak, Iran |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
The toxicity of the herbicide Agroxone 3, a commercial formulation of the sodium salt of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), in the adult newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex) was tested after percutaneous exposure. At the concentration of 3200 ppm, the LT50 values were 17 and 21 hr for male and female newts. At 1600 ppm, the LT50 values were 35 and 45.5 hr. At 800 ppm, most of the animals were still alive after the 3 months of experimentation. There were no deaths at 400 and 200 ppm. Severe neuromuscular disorders were observed in animals exposed to lethal concentrations. |
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