中药毒性的再认识

我们的祖先在临床实践过程中认识到一些药物对人体有毒,将中药毒性分为大毒、有毒、小毒3级,并认为中药毒性有广义之毒和狭义之毒之分。近代,人们对有毒中药的毒性成分及中毒机制有了进一步的认识,特别是中药肾毒性的认识。影响中药毒性的因素较多,主要有品种、炮制、剂量、配伍及环境等因素。要防止中药的毒性作用,一方面需加强药政管理,另一方面要提高医务人员的业务素质,加强医务人员对中药毒性的认识,同时要让患者掌握正确的煎煮及服药方法。

Recognition on toxicity of traditional Chinese drugs

Our ancestor found that some of the Chinese herbal drugs were toxic during their clinical practice. They graded the toxicity of Chinese herbal drugs into three degrees and thought that the term "toxicity of the Chinese herbal drugs" could be used in a broad and a narrow sense. In modern times, toxic components of the Chinese herbal drugs and their toxic mechanisms, especially the toxicity on the kidney, were further revealed. The factors that affect the toxicity of the Chinese herbal drugs include the species, preparation, dose and environment. To prevent the toxicity of the Chinese herbal drugs, we must strengthen the management of the Chinese herbal drugs. On the other hand, doctors' recognition of the toxicity of Chinese herbal drugs should be enhanced. At the same time, patients should be told to decoct and take Chinese herbal drugs correctly.