输精管逆向注射30%乙醇引起大鼠精子活力低下的实验研究

目的:探讨输精管逆向注射30%乙醇至附睾导致大鼠精子活力低下的原因以及机制。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为注射组(n=15)、假手术对照组(n=15)和正常对照组(n=10),注射组在输精管靠近附睾2 cm处用1 m l注射器注射30%乙醇0.5 m l;假手术组只在输精管管壁相同部位用注射针刺一小孔;对照组未作任何处置。术后1个月,比较3组大鼠精子活力,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察输精管管壁的变化,检测附睾组织匀浆中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和肉碱的含量变化。结果:1个月后,注射组的精子活动率为(30±14)%,假手术组(64±11)%,正常组为(68±9)%。注射组精子活力明显降低,与假手术对照组和正常对照组比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。IL-6、IFN-γ含量注射组分别为(772.7±211.0)、(350.7±39.0)pg/m l,假手术组分别为(308.5±121.0)、(172.2±61.0)pg/m l,正常对照组分别为(287.8±143.0)、(163.8±21.0)pg/m l,注射组显著高于假手术组和对照组(P<0.05)。注射组肉碱含量[(491.1±48.0)mol/L]显著低于假手术组[(664.6±45.0)mol/L]和对照组[(605.5±99.0)mol/L],P均<0.05。结论:输精管逆向注射低浓度乙醇能干扰附睾中的精子成熟环境,并激活生殖系统的免疫细胞分泌细胞因子,导致精子活力低下。

Vas-to-Epididymis Antidromic Injection of 30% Ethanol Reduces Sperm Motility in Rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reduction of sperm motility in rats induced by vas-to-epididymis antidromic injection of 30% ethanol and its mechanism. METHODS: Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups: bilateral vas injection (n = 15) , sham operation control (n = 15) and normal (n = 10). An aliquot of 0.5 ml of 30% ethanol was injected from vas to epididymis bilaterally. After 1 month, all the rats'vasa and epididymides were ablated for studies of the sperm motility, construction changes of the vas and contents of IL-6, IFN-gamma and carnitine of the epididymis. RESULTS: There was markedly significant difference in sperm motility in the injection group (P < 0.01). The number of sperms in the bilateral vas injection group was 31, while in the sham operation control and normal groups was 64 and 68, respectively. The contents of IL-6 and IFN-gamma increased, and the carnitine reduced significantly (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were noted between the control and the normal groups (P > 0.05). The contents of IL-6, IFN-gamma and carnitine in the bilateral vas injection group were 772.7 pg/ml, 350.7 pg/ml and 491.1 mol/L. But the same indexes in the sham operation and normal groups were 308.5 pg/ml, 172. 2 pg/ml and 664. 6 mol/L and 287. 8 pg/ml, 163. 8 pg/ml and 605.5 mol/L. CONCLUSION: The antidromic injection of ethanol from vas to epididymis can not only interfere the environment for sperm maturation but also activate the immunologic cells that secrete many cytokines (CK) in the genital system. All the factors can induce the reduction of sperm motility.