综合认知训练对社区老年人工作记忆事件相关电位的影响

目的 探索综合认知训练对社区老年人大脑认知功能的影响及其可能机制.方法 将上海市某街道社区49名老年人(年龄≥70岁)按配对原则分为认知训练干预组(以下简称干预组,27名)和非认知训练组(以下简称对照组,22名).对干预组进行12周(共24次)的认知训练.干预前后采用延迟样本匹配(delayed matching-to-sample,DMS)模式诱发工作记忆事件相关电位(ERPs),分析工作记忆相关ERPs P500的波幅和潜伏期变化.结果 (1)干预前两组间工作记忆ERPs主成分P500的波幅和潜伏期的差异均无统计学意义.(2)与干预前比较,干预组在匹配任务Fp2、F4、Fz、CPz、Pz导联处P500潜伏期缩短,对照组Fp1导联P500潜伏期延迟;干预组不匹配任务Fp2和F4导联P500潜伏期缩短;对照组CPz导联P500波幅降低;差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).(3)干预后干预组匹配任务Fpz处波幅高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)干预组工作记忆ERPs P500改善的脑区相对集中于右侧额叶或前额叶.结论 综合认知训练可改善健康老年人大脑认知功能状态,改善的脑区相对集中于右侧额叶/前额叶;综合认知训练对老年人脑功能的可塑性有一定影响.

Effects of compositive cognitive training on brain evoked potentials in community elderly

Objective To explore the possible mechanism of compositive cognitive training for promoting cognitive function in the elderly.Methods All the participants were selected from one sub-district in Shanghai.The age ranged from 70 to 75 years old.The subjects were divided into two groups, with 27 in cognitive training group (CT group) , and 22 in control group.The interventions were conducted in small group settings in 24 sessions over 12 weeks.All individuals were assessed with a modified delayed match-tosample (DMS) task to evoke working memory (WM) effects at baseline and post-intervention phase.Results (1) No significant difference form event related potential (ERP) of WM effects between both groups at baseline.(2) After CT, the amplitudes at Fpz, F3, FCz, Cz in P500 component of DMS match to targets task and Fpz, Oz in P500 component of DMS mismatch tasks were higher in CT group than control group.(3) In CT group, the P500 component of match to targets task were significantly different in the amplitude at Fp2, F4, Fpz, and the latency at Fp2, F4, Fz, CPz, Pz of P500 component of mismatch tasks between baseline and post-intervention.The significant difference of change in DMS task was found in the right hemisphere, not in left hemisphere.Conclusions The 3-month compositive cognitive training can improve the cognitive function in community elderly, and these changes are concentrated in the right frontal lobe/prefrontal.