社区干预对高血压和脑卒中预防效果评价

目的：评价社区干预对中年和老年人群高血压和脑卒中的预防效果。方法：对“中国七城市脑卒中干预试验研究”的资料做进一步分析和评估。在北京等六城市城区选择2个不相邻、框架人口约为1万的自然人群，分别作为干预和对照社区，从两社区35岁以上人群中分别选取2700名既往无脑卒中病史的居民作为队列人群，进行脑卒中危险因素调查(基线调查)和体格检查，筛查高危对象。3年后对参加过基线调查者随访。在干预队列，对基线调查筛查出的高危人群进行干预，重点是高血压预防与控制，同时对社区居民进行大众健康教育。对照社区则顺其原有医疗条件，不予干预。结果：3年后，无论是干预队列还是对照队列，高血压患病率均有所增加，但以对照队列中年人增加最突出。无论是中年人还是老年人，干预组知晓率、治疗率和控制率都有不同程度的改善。3年中干预队列脑卒中发病的危险减少了29％(HR=0.71，95％CI：0．58～0．87)，死亡减少了40％(HR=0．60，95％CI：0．42～0．86)。干预可以减少各类型高血压患者的脑卒中，在单纯性收缩期高血压患者组最为显著，其次是复合高血压。与此同时，干预队列全死因死亡率与对照队列相比降低了11％(HR=0．89，95％CI：0.78～0．99)。结论：社区干预可以有效地控制高血压，提高人群的高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率，减少各类型高血压患者的脑卒中发病率和死亡率，同时明显减少人群全死因死亡率。

Community intervention on hypertension and stroke

Objective To evaluate the community based intervention on reduction of hypertension and stroke in different age groups and subtypes hypertension. Methods In 6 cities, 2 geographically separated communities with a registered population about 10 000 of each were selected as either intervention or control communities. A cohort containing 2 700 subjects, 35 years or older, and free of stroke were sampled from each community. The baseline survey was conducted to screen the subjects for intervention. In each city, a program for control of hypertension, heart diseases and diabetes was initiated in the intervention cohort and health education was provided to the whole intervention community. A follow up survey was conducted 3 years later. Results Within 3 years, the prevalence of hypertension increased in both intervention and control cohorts, as well as in the middle and elderly cohorts, especially in the middle aged in control group. Among hypertensives in the intervention cohort, the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension got improved. The incidence of stroke was 29% lower ( HR = 0.71 ,95% CI : 0.58 0.87 ) and mortality of stroke was 40% lower ( HR = 0.60 ,95% CI : 0.42 0.86 ) in the intervention cohort than the control cohort. The intervention was most effective in reduction of stroke for those with isolated systolic hypertension and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension(All P < 0.05 ). Meanwhile, all cause mortality was 11% lower ( HR = 0.89 ,95% CI : 0.78 0.99 ) in the intervention cohort than in the control cohort. Conclusion The community based intervention was effective in controlling the development of hypertension and stroke, while the elderly people benefit more than the middle aged people from the intervention.