我国医疗告知义务履行判定标准研究

本文根据知情同意权独特的权利和法理基础，对我国医疗机构实施特殊诊疗过程中履行医疗告知义务时存在的侵权责任问题进行探讨，分析其行为过错、医方注意义务的标准和因果关系等侵权行为构成要件的特殊性，以期对医方更好地履行告知义务和在司法领域更公正地处理这类案件提供一些借鉴。通过分析认为：在多数情况下，医疗机构未充分履行告知义务的过错应为过失，而不是故意伤害；注意义务的标准应采取以“客观标准”为主，兼顾考虑患者具体情况的综合模式；因果关系可采用相当因果关系说或以患者如果得知未披露的信息是否还会同意接受该诊疗措施为判断标准，但举证责任应采用过错推定责任原则，即只要未告知某些风险且该种风险发生了，医方便需证明这种损害与诊疗措施毫无关系。

Study on Tort Liability in Disclosure of Medical Information

The purpose of this article is to address the tort liability in disclosure of information for special medical treatments to illustrate the specifics in terms of fault, duty of care and causation based on the principles of informed consent and law with an aim to promote a proper disclosure of medical information by the doctor and provide information for courts to deal with such cases. It comes up with the following points ： Firstly, the choice of negligence over battery is appropriate for the cause of action in disclosure of inadequate information. Secondly, the amalgam of sub- jective and objective tests should be established to measure the standard of care imposed by law to the doctor. Thirdly, the causation is established in case an injury is attached to the treatment or the patient would have declined the suggested treatment if the doctor had disclosed the risk unless it is proved by the doctor that there is no causation between the injury and treatment.