深圳市家栖鼠类分布格局及变动的研究

目的了解和掌握深圳市各型场所鼠类种群分布及季节数量变化规律，为制定鼠害综合防制对策提供科学依据。方法用夹夜法对深圳市各类型场所进行调查。结果捕获的鼠形动物有2目2科4属10种，其中褐家鼠占39．71％，为城区优势种，臭鼩占29．19％，位居第2；黄毛鼠和施氏屋顶鼠为野外优势种，分别占36．36％和34．09％。城区鼠密度季节性变化不大（3．50％～4．85％），为常年基本稳定型。在不同类型场所中，以市场类场所的鼠密度最高（8．16％），鼠种数量分布较均匀；只有下水道均为褐家鼠。家鼠室外水平分布以垃圾收集点的鼠密度最高（7．27％）；垂直分布以地面层（6．04％）和地面上层（5．48％）鼠密度高。4种鼠形动物的繁殖指数以小家鼠最高（0．72）。结论应根据场所的特点有针对性地开展灭鼠工作，加强防鼠设施的建设，从而提高和巩固灭鼠效果。

Study on Population Distribution and Alteration of House rat in Shenzhen City

Objective Investigation of population distribution and seasonal alterations of rodents at different places in Shenzhen city provided scientific basis for formulating pest composite control counter-measures.Methods The rodents were captured in the evening at different places in Shenzhen city by using rat-trap.Results Two orders,two families,four genera and ten species of small animals were captured,Rattus norvegicus(superiority species in urban districts),Suncus murinus(in second place),Rattus losea and Rattus sladoni(superiority species in field) were(39.71%),(29.19%),(36.36%) and(34.09%) respectively.The seasonal alterations of rodents density in urban districts had few change((3.50%-)(4.85%)),it was a basic steady form in common year.The rodents density was highest((8.16%)) at market places in different places,the distribution of population was comparatively uniform,but all brown rats were only found Rattus norvegicus in the sewer.The rodents density in rubbish spots was highest((7.27%)) at outdoors in horizontal distribution and the rodents densities in ground((6.04%)) and over ground((5.48%)) were highest in perpendicular distribution.The reproductive index of Mus musoulus was highest((0.72)) in four rodents.Conclusion The rodents destruction work was purposefully developed based on the characteristics of places,the construction of rodents control facilities was strengthened and rodents destruction effects were consequently heightened and consolidated.