Association of tumour necrosis factor‐α gene (T‐1031C,C‐863A,and C‐857T) polymorphisms with bladder cancer susceptibility and outcome after bacille Calmette‐Guérin immunotherapy |
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Authors: | Dinesh K. Ahirwar Anil Mandhani Anand Dharaskar Pravin Kesarwani Rama D. Mittal |
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Affiliation: | Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India |
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Abstract: |
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of tumour necrosis factor‐α gene (TNF‐α) polymorphisms T‐1031C, C‐863A, and C‐857T with bladder cancer risk and recurrence after bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy, as TNF‐α regulates inflammatory process influencing bladder cancer susceptibility and outcome of BCG immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 220 patients with bladder cancer and 206 controls were recruited. Genotyping was done using allele specific‐polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A T‐1031C, CC genotype and haplotype ?1031C/?863C/?857T showed enhanced susceptibility to bladder cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.23 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.17–4.26; and an OR of 6.05 and 95%CI of 2.46–14.90, respectively. A T‐1031C, CC genotype had a reduced risk of recurrence after BCG treatment (hazard ratio 0.38, 95%CI 0.14–0.98). CONCLUSION The present data suggests that T‐1031C (CC) genotype and C/C/T haplotype may confer risk for bladder cancer, moreover T‐1031C (CC) decreased the risk of recurrence after BCG immunotherapy. |
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Keywords: | bacille Calmette‐Gué rin polymerase chain reaction (PCR) polymorphism recurrence TNF‐α bladder cancer |
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