不同机械力学刺激对骨成骨作用的研究进展

机械力学刺激是影响骨组织生长改建的调控因素,在骨创伤后修复过程中有着重要意义。机械刺激通过作用于细胞外基质-整合素-细胞骨架系统、力敏感性离子通道、G蛋白偶联受体激酶系统等多种信号途径来转导力学信号,从而调控细胞代谢活动和基因表达等应答反应。压缩应力,拉伸应力和流体剪切力是3种最基本也是最重要的机械力类型。近年来,越来越多的文献报告了3种机械应力在刺激骨成骨作用中有积极影响,包括促进成骨细胞增殖和分泌基质,调控破骨细胞凋亡过程,刺激间充质干细胞向成骨分化等来影响骨重建过程。然而,对于机械刺激在细胞内的信号转导机制,以及应力对骨成骨的作用机制,作用方式,作用参数及作用效应等,目前还未有定论。现将这些不同机械力学刺激对骨成骨作用的最新研究结果综述如下,为今后进一步揭示骨组织在机械应力下的代谢和重建机制奠定基础。

Study on different mechanical stimulations for osteogenesis

Mechanical stress plays a vital role in modulating bone growth and remodeling as well as in the repair process after traumatic bone injuries. Mechanical stimulations regulate cell metabolism and gene expression via several signaling pathways,such as matrix-integrin-cytoskeleton system,mechanosensitive ion channels,G protein-coupled receptor kinase system and so on. Compressive strain,tensile strain and fluid shear stress are the most fundamental and significant mechanical forces. Recently,a growing number of studies demonstrated the positive effects of these three types of mechanical stress on osteogenesis,including the promotion of osteoblast proliferation and matrix production,modulation on osteoclast apoptosis and stimulation on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,which in turn affect bone remodeling process. However,the precise mechanotransduction principle is still unknown. The mechanisms,effect patterns,and parameters of stress for osteogenesis have not been determined yet. This review is aimed at summarizing the most advanced investigations of these different mechanical stimulations on bone formation,which will lay the foundation for exploring the exact mechanisms and effects of mechanical stress on bone metabolism and bone remodeling.