瑞芬太尼病人静脉自控镇痛用于分娩镇痛

目的评价瑞芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)的分娩镇痛效果及安全性。方法 ASAⅠ、单胎初产妇60名,分为瑞芬太尼PCIA组及罗哌卡因硬膜外自控分娩镇痛(PCEA)组,每组30例。产妇宫口开张≥3cm时,0.001%瑞芬太尼PCIA组参数设定为:单次剂量1.5ml、锁定时间3min、无背景剂量;0.15%罗哌卡因PCEA组于L3～4间隙行硬膜外穿刺置管后,推注罗哌卡因10ml;20min后硬膜外导管接入PCA仪,PCEA参数设定为:单次剂量2ml、锁定时间15min、背景剂量6ml/h。以视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、警觉-镇静(OAA/S)法、改良Bromage法分别评估两组产妇的镇痛效果、镇静及运动神经阻滞程度,并记录两组产妇第1、第2、第3产程时间、PCA总按压次数与有效按压次数比、新生儿Apgar评分、脐动脉血气、产妇分娩镇痛期间头晕、恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、血压/心率下降、呼吸抑制、尿潴留、发热等不良反应发生情况。结果两组产妇镇痛实施前后疼痛程度均下降。活跃期每30min及宫口开全、胎儿娩出时间点VAS评分PCIA组均高于PCEA组(P<0.05),表明PCIA组虽有一定的镇痛效果,但不及PCEA组;与PCEA组相比,PCIA组活跃期缩短(P<0.05);两组的剖宫产、器械助产及顺产数相似;PCIA组产妇头晕、恶心/呕吐、瘙痒及尿潴留的发生率明显高于PCEA组(P<0.05),而产后发热PCEA组较高。两组产妇分娩镇痛期间均未出现呼吸、循环抑制,新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血气亦在正常范围。结论 0.001%瑞芬太尼以单次剂量1.5ml、锁定时间3min的PCIA模式行分娩镇痛,具有一定的镇痛效果;不良反应特别对母婴的呼吸、循环影响轻微。对存在椎管内穿刺禁忌或穿刺操作失败的产妇,瑞芬太尼PCIA可作为一种替代的分娩镇痛模式。

Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia in Labour

Objective To assess the efficacy of remifentanil PCIA as a labour analgesic,and to investigate the maternal and neonatal side-effects.Methods Sixty parturients with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies received either PCIA with 0.001% remifentanil or PCEA with 0.15% ropivacaine.The group of PCIA received bolus of 1.5ml remifentanil and lockout time of 3 min,without background infusion.The group of PCEA received bolus of 2ml ropivacaine and lockout time of 15min,with background infusion of 6ml per hour.VAS,OA...