家庭生态系统视角下长子女情绪和行为问题研究

目的 研究二孩家庭中长子女情绪和行为问题现状,并在家庭生态系统内分析其影响因素。方法 于2020年4-7月在河南省商丘市选取538名长子女为研究对象,采用长处和困难问卷、儿童版父母教养方式问卷以及家庭亲密度和适应性量表进行调查。 结果 长子女情绪和行为困难总分异常检出率为15.1%(81/538),多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8~13岁的年龄差(OR=2.406,95% CI:1.159～4.995),竞争的同胞关系(OR=4.773,95% CI:1.933～11.785),父/母亲过度保护(OR=2.821,95% CI:1.076～7.392)/(OR=4.113,95% CI:1.903～8.890)、父亲拒绝(OR=3.215,95% CI:1.324～7.807)的教养方式,以及规律型家庭(OR=4.055,95% CI:1.312～12.533)中长子女情绪行为异常风险显著升高;而相较于抑郁质,其他气质类型长子女情绪行为异常风险显著降低(OR=0.227、0.228、0.230,95% CI:0.073～0.707、0.069～0.754、0.071～0.744),相较于低收入家庭(月收入＜2 000元),其他高收入家庭长子女情绪行为异常风险显著降低(OR=0.272、0.334、0.133、0.228;95% CI:0.095～0.778、0.119～0.939、0.035～0.501,0.056～0.924)。结论 二孩家庭中长子女情绪行为问题高于同期儿童青少年水平,需关注二孩家庭中的长子女,根据不同特征的个体进行针对性的干预。

Research on emotional and behavioral problems of older children fromthe perspective of family ecosystem

Objective To study the emotional and behavioral problems of older children in two-child families, and to analyze the influencing factors within the family ecosystem. Methods From April to July, 2020, 538 older children in Shangqiu city, Henan Province were selected as the participants. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Children's Parenting Style Questionnaire and Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale were used to conduct the survey. Results The abnormal detection rate of emotional and behavioral difficulties was 15.1% (81/538). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age gap of 8 to 13 years old (OR=2.406, 95%CI:1.159-4.995), competitive sibling relationship (OR=4.773, 95%CI:1.933-11.785), overprotection of parents (OR=2.821, 95%CI:1.076-7.392)/(OR=4.113,95%CI:1.903-8.890), fathers' rejection (OR=3.215, 95%CI:1.324-7.807), and regular families (OR=4.055, 95%CI:1.312-12.533) significantly increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in middle and older children. Compared with temperament of depression, the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the children of other temperament types was significantly reduced (OR=0.227, 0.228, 0.230, 95%CI:0.073-0.707, 0.069-0.754, 0.071-0.744). And the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the children of other high-income families was significantly reduced (OR=0.272, 0.334, 0.133, 0.228, 95%CI:0.095-0.778, 0.119-0.939, 0.035-0.501,0.056-0.924) compared with the children in low-income families (monthly income < 2 000 yuan). Conclusions The emotional and behavioral problems of the older children in the two-child family are more prevalent than those of the children and adolescents at the same time. Therefore, attention should be paid to the older children in the two-child family, and targeted interventions should be conducted according to different characteristics of individuals.