3～6岁儿童基本运动能力评估量表信度和效度的研究

目的 评价研制的3～6岁儿童基本运动能力评估量表的信度和效度,为常模制定及该量表临床运用提供科学依据。方法 2019年3—5月采取分层整群随机抽样方法,在南京市抽取3所幼儿园,共210名儿童进行量表测试,对量表的信度、效度进行分析与评价。采用Cronbach's α系数、折半信度系数、重测信度系数、组内相关系数(ICC)评价量表内在信度与外在信度。采用探索性因子分析评价量表结构效度;采用专家论证评议及相关分析评价内容效度。以Peabody运动发育量表第2版(PDMS-2)作为校标,在样本中随机抽取30名儿童,比较两个量表之间得分的相关性来评价校标关联效度。结果 总量表Cronbach's α系数为0.815,Guttman折半信度为0.804,重测信度为0.91,评分者信度为0.994。效度的KMO值为0.783,各维度(除身体柔韧性)与总分的相关系数在0.596~0.721之间。除坐位体前屈外,其余各项目儿童能力均有显著年龄差异(F=6.070～65.355,P＜0.01)。PDMS-2总运动标准分与本研究量表标准分总分呈中度正相关(r=0.552,P=0.002)。在正常发展组和运动发育迟缓组之间各维度差异均有统计学意义(t=4.536～16.072,P＜0.01)。结论 3～6岁儿童基本运动能力评估量表具有较好的信度和效度,达到了心理测量学的要求,可用于常模的制定。

Study on the reliability and validity of 3- to 6-year-old Children's General Physical Activity Scale

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of 3- to 6-year-old Children's General Physical Activity Scale, so as to provide reference for the establishment of national norm and clinical application. Methods With stratified cluster random sampling method, 210 children from 3 kindergartens in Nanjing were tested to analyze and evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.Cronbach's α coefficient, half reliability coefficient, test-retest reliability coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to evaluate the internal and external reliability of the scale.Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity of the scale.The content validity was evaluated by expert argumentation and related analysis.Using Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2) as the calibration standard, the correlation between the scores of the two scales in 30 children was analyzed to evaluate the correlation validity of the calibration standard. Results The Cronbach's α value of the scale was 0.815, the Guttman half-split coefficient was 0.804, the test-retest reliability was 0.91, and the rater reliability was 0.994.The KMO measure of sampling adequacy was 0.783.The correlation coefficient between total score and each dimension score ranged from 0.596 to 0.721.Except the body flexibility, the ability of children in each item showed an increasing trend with age (F=6.070—65.355,P<0.01).The total standard score of 3- to 6-year-old Children's General Physical Activity Scale was positively correlated with the standard score of PDMS-2 (r=0.552, P=0.002).There were significant differences in each dimension between the typically developed group and the motor delay group (t=4.536—16.072, P<0.01). Conclusion 3- to 6-year-old Children's General Physical Activity Scale has acceptable reliability and validity, reaching the basic psychometric demands, which can be used to make the norm.