早期视屏暴露对儿童语言发育的影响研究

目的 分析儿童早期视屏暴露对语言发育的影响,为预防儿童语言发育迟缓提供参考依据。方法 采用病例对照研究于2019年1—12月用Gesell发育诊断量表对病例组(语言发育迟缓)54名儿童、对照组(发育正常)56名儿童进行发育评估,全体儿童年龄范围1~5岁;使用自拟调查问卷“儿童早期视屏暴露情况调查表”对所有参与调查儿童的主要抚养人进行问卷调查。结果 对照组儿童手机/iPad暴露的比例和时长均高于电视,病例组儿童暴露于手机/iPad和电视的比例分别占88.9%、81.5%,明显高于对照组(71.4%、57.1%),差异均有统计学意义(χ²=5.238、4.493,P＜0.05);病例组儿童暴露于手机/iPad和电视的时长分别为38.0(15.0,60.0) min/d、35(17.0,55.0) min/d,高于对照组25.0(10.0,45.0) min/d、20(8.0,40.0) min/d],差异有统计学意义(Z=2.936、2.468,P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童每日观看手机/iPad的时间≥30min/d是语言发育迟缓的危险因素(OR=2.431,95%CI:3.188~12.723,P＜0.01)。结论 儿童早期暴露于手机/iPad时间过长是语言发育迟缓的危险因素,家长要严格限制儿童每日接触手机等电子视屏的时间,增加亲子交流互动,促进儿童健康。

Effect of early screen exposure on children's language development

Objective To explore the effect of early screen exposure on language development in children,so as to provide reference for the prevention of language development retardation in children. Methods In this study,a case-control study was conducted to evaluate the development of 54 children with language retardation in the case group and 56 children with typical development in the control group by Gesell Scale from January to December 2019. All participants were from 1 to 5 years old. The main caregivers of the children were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire to know about the early screen exposure. Results The proportion and duration of exposure to mobile phone/iPad in the control group was higher than those of exposure to TV. The proportion of children exposed to mobile phone/iPad and TV in the case group accounted for 88.9% and 81.5%,significantly higher than those in the control group (71.4% and 57.1%,P<0.05). The exposure time of mobile phone/iPad and TV in the case group was 38.0(15.0,60.0)] min/d,35(17.0,55.0)min/d,significantly higher than those in the control group 25.0(10.0,45.0)min/d,20(8.0,40.0)min/d,Z=2.936,2.438,P<0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that children's mobile phone/iPad exposure time≥30 min/d was a risk factor for language development retardation (OR=2.431,95%CI:3.188-12.723,P＜0.01). Conclusions Early exposure to mobile phones/iPad is a risk factor for language development retardation. Therefore,children's screen time for mobile phones and other electronic devices should be strictly limited,and more parent-child interactions are encouraged in order to promote children's health.