三代直系亲属超重、肥胖的比较及与学龄前儿童肥胖关系的研究

目的 比较学龄前儿童及其父母、祖父母及外祖父母三代直系亲属之间超重、肥胖发生率的差异,探究直系亲属超重、肥胖与儿童肥胖的关系,为预防和减少学龄前儿童肥胖的发生提供科学依据。方法 2019年5-6月,对南京市雨花台区辖区内幼儿园采用整群分层随机抽样调查方法,共有2 217名3~5岁学龄前儿童作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集所有研究对象年龄、性别、出生体重及其父母、祖父母及外祖父母年龄、体重、身高等信息,并采用统一标准方法测量儿童的体重、身高,分析直系亲属超重、肥胖与儿童超重、肥胖之间的关系。结果 学龄前儿童超重发生率7.80%、肥胖发生率2.75%。儿童中男性肥胖发生率明显高于女性(3.4% vs. 2.0%, P<0.05);在中年父母辈中,男性的超重及肥胖发生率分别为36.1%、11.1%,均显著高于女性(13.6%、3.3%)(P<0.001),而在祖父母辈,女性的肥胖发生率却显著高于男性(祖父母:10.1% vs. 5.9%,P<0.001;外祖父母:7.5% vs. 6.2%,P<0.05)。经有序Logistic回归模型分析,母亲超重(OR＝1.614,95%CI:1.132~2.301,P<0.01)及父亲肥胖(OR＝2.584,95%CI:1.773~3.765,P<0.001)是导致儿童超重肥胖的独立危险因素;而二代亲属祖父母和外祖父母肥胖与儿童肥胖无显著关系。结论 直系三代亲属中,中年男性的超重、肥胖发生率最高,父母超重、肥胖可导致学龄前儿童肥胖发生风险显著增加。

Study on the occurrence and relationship of overweight and obesity in three generations

Objective To explore the occurrence of overweight and obesity in preschoolers and their immediate relatives(parents,grandparents and maternal grandparents),as well as the relationship between them,so as to provide scientific basis for preventing and reducing overweight and obesity in preschoolers.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 2217 preschoolers in Yuhua district of Nanjing from May to June in 2019.The information of children,such as age,gender,birth weight and the anthropometric data of their immediate family members were collected by questionnaire survey.The anthropometric indexes of children were measured by standard way in kindergarten.The relationship between overweight and obesity in preschoolers and their immediate relatives was analyzed.Results The rates of overweight and obesity in preschoolers were 7.80%and 2.75%,respectively.The incidence of obesity in boys was significantly higher than that of girls(3.4%vs.2.0%,P<0.05).In the middle-aged parental generation,the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 36.1%and 11.1%in men,respectively,both significantly higher than those in women(13.6%,3.3%)(P<0.001).Whereas in the grandparental generation,the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in women than that in men(grandparents:10.1%vs.5.9%,P<0.001;maternal grandparents:7.5%vs.6.2%,P<0.05).According to the ordered Logistic regression model,it was found that maternal overweight(OR=1.614,95%CI:1.132-2.301,P<0.01)and paternal obesity(OR=2.584,95%CI:1.773-3.765,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity.Obesity of grandparents and maternal grandparents had no significant relationship with childhood obesity.Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity in middle-aged men is highest among three generations.Parents′overweight or obesity could significantly increase the risk of obesity in preschoolers.