2005--2007年中山市50家企业噪声危害情况调查

目的了解中山市2005--2007年度50家企业噪声危害的基本情况。方法采用队列研究的方法对噪声危害企业进行连续3年的噪声危害职业卫生现场调查和对接噪工人进行纯音听力测试。结果2005--2007年50家企业噪声监测点的合格率分别为3．9％、5．1％、5．6％。噪声监测其平均水平均超过GBZ1—2002（工业企业设计卫生标准》，按照LD80—1995（噪声作业分级》，为噪声中度危害。连续3年的纯音听力测试显示3年的总体异常率（高频＋语频）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。但连续3年的语频异常率差异有统计学意义（X^2=37．41，P〈0．01），高频差异无统计学意义（X^2=0．64，P〉0．05）。结论随着接噪时间的延长，特别是接噪时间超过3年以上，语频听力损伤率逐渐增高。

Investigation of the Noise Hazard in 50 Enterprises of Zhongshan City during 2005-2007

[ Objective ] To understand the basic situation of noise hazard in 50 enterprises of Zhongshan during 2005-2007. [ Methods] Array study method was used to conduct a continuous three years＇occupational health field investigation on the noise hazard in the enterprises and pure sound hearing test among the noise-exposed workers. [ Results] The eligible rates in the three surveillance spots among the 50 enterprises during 2005-2007 were 3.9% , 5.1% and 5.6% respectively; the average level of noise surveillance exceeded the criteria according to GBZ 1-2002 Sanitary Criteria for Industrial Enterprise Design; the noise hazard belonged to the medium level according to LD80-1995 Noise-Exposure Classification ; no significant difference was found in the total abnormal rate （ high frequency and speech frequency） of the pure sound hearing test within the continuous three years （ P 〉0.05 ） ; but the difference was significant in the abnormal rate of speech frequency （ P 〈 0.01 ） and was not significant in that of the high frequency （ P 〉 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] The speech frequency hearing loss increases along with the noise-exposure length, especially that over three years.