鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的临床诊疗进展

鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤(SMMM)是临床少见的鼻腔鼻窦恶性肿瘤,发病症状通常不典型,就诊时多数患者已属晚期,5年生存率仅为20%~30%。以病理诊断为金标准,组织细胞内发现黑色素颗粒有助于明确诊断,对于无色素型恶性黑色素瘤,免疫组化可帮助鉴别诊断。与Ballantyne分期相比,第7版美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)头颈黏膜恶性黑色素瘤TNM分期更适用于SMMM。目前,早期SMMM的治疗仍以手术为主,手术加放疗以及生物化疗的综合治疗模式有助于提高患者的生存率。

Advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma

Sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma (SMMM) is a rare sinonasal malignant tumor.Due to the atypical symptoms,most patients were diagnosed as the advanced stage,and the 5-year survival rate is limited to 20％-30％.Pathology is the gold standard for diagnosis.Black pigment particles found in the tissue cells can help the diagnosis;for the non-pigmented melanoma,immunohistochemistry can help to identify the diagnosis.Compared with Ballantyne staging,the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) malignant melanoma tumor node metastasis (mmTNM) staging may be more suitable for SMMM.At present,the surgical treatment is the first choice for early SMMM,and a comprehensive treatment method,such as surgery combined with radiotherapy and biochemotherapy is favorable to improving the survival rate of patients.