兔膝关节解剖学特点及在动物模型的意义

目的　研究兔膝关节血管分布及关节囊附着,为兔膝关节动物模型建立提供解剖学基础。  方法     将20只新西兰大白兔麻醉后,4%多聚甲醛灌注固定。解剖分离兔膝关节的动脉来源及分支、暴露兔膝关节囊的附着点。测量各动脉起始处及其在水平方向上和关节囊附着点距髌骨下极的距离。  结果    分布兔膝关节的各动脉距髌骨下极的距离上、下和左、右约为20 mm和5 mm,关节囊的上、下端和左、右侧的附着点距髌骨下极约为10 mm和4.5 mm。  结论　在制备兔膝关节模型时,髌骨下极可设为参考的基准点,并通过距其距离判断手术安全范围。

Anatomical characteristics of rabbit knee joint and its significance

Objective To study vessel distribution and the attachment of synovial capsule of rabbit knee,and provide anatomical basis for making rabbit knee related model.Methods 20 New Zealand rabbits were anesthetized,fixed with 4% formaldehyde.The courses and branches of knee arteries were dissected and analyzed,as well the attachment site of joint capsule were exposed and observed.Results Taken the bottom of the patella as the reference,the distances between the arterial network of knee joint and patella were 20 mm and 5 mm from up to down and left to right respectively.The distances of the capsule attachment site to patella were 10 mm and 4.5 mm from up to down and left to right respectively.Conclusions The bottom of the patella can be taken as the reference point,and the distances from it to other structures can be used to judge safety scope during the knee joint surgery.