四川地震灾区抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及影响因素研究

目的了解四川地震灾区抗震救灾一线部队官兵心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法2008年5月26日至6月8日，采用随机整群抽样方法，在四川灾区8个市县（镇）的全部抗震救灾部队中抽取100个点，将抽样点所有陆、海、空军和武警官兵作为研究组，共1284人；2008年3～4月在5个军区的重点作战部队中抽取陆、海、空官兵886名作为对照组。采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对调查对象心理健康状况进行评价，采用军事群体心理应激预警检测工具（ATQMGS）对心理健康影响因素进行评价。结果研究组共收回有效问卷1080份，有效率为84．1％；对照组共收回有效问卷886份，有效率100．0％。研究组官兵的SCL-90得分，除躯体化因子略高于全国常模外，其他各因子均分、总均分均低于全国常模、军人常模和对照组（P〈0．05）。研究组中，18岁以下组、女性、城市户籍、未承担过挖掘或掩埋或搬运尸体的任务官兵SCL-90总均分较高。研究组官兵ATQMGS总均分、领导支持、部队士气、自我效能因子均分以及任务认知、岗位价值感、单位归属感单条目均分高于对照组（P〈0．05）。研究组官兵SCL-90总均分与ATQMGS总均分、部队士气、领导支持、战友支持、应对方式、自我效能、控制感因子均分呈负相关，也与岗位价值感、单位归属感、任务认知、晋升动机呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论抗震救灾一线官兵心理健康状况总体良好，部队土气、领导支持，战友支持、应对方式、自我效能、控制感、认知、动机、归属感、价值感是官兵心理健康的重要相关因素。

Study on psychological health status of earthquake relief servicemen in Sichuan earthquake areas and its influ-encing factors

Objective To understand the mental health status of earthquake relief servicemen in Sichuan earth- quake areas and its influencing factors. Methods 1284 servicemen from army, navy, air force and People＇ s Armed Police Forces were selected from over 100 earthquake relief points in 8 counties as the research group. 886 servicemen from army, navy, air force and emergency flexible units in 5 military areas were selected as the control group which underwent a survey in March and April, 2008. SCL-90 was used to evaluate the mental health situation of the servicemen, and the Aler- ting Test Questionnaire for Military Group Stress （ATQMGS） was used to investigate its related influencing factors. Results 1080 valid questionnaires were collected with the valid rate of 84. 1% in observation group, and 886 ones （ 100. 0% ） in control group. The SCL-90 scores of the observation group were lower than those of the national norm, army norm and the control group, except the score of somatization factor beyond the national norm. The average SCL-90 scores were relatively higher in the observation group of age under 18 years, female, urban household registration and undertaking the task of body digging, burying and delivering. The average score of ATQMGS and factor scores of the leader support, fighting mo- rale, self-efficacy, mission cognition, sense of value and belonging were significantly higher than that of the control group. The average SCL-90 score was negatively correlated with the average ATQMGS score and the factor scores of obtained sup- ports from leaders and colleagues, fighting morale, coping style, self-efficacy, personal control, post value, sense of be- longing, cognition about mission, and motivation for promoting. Conclusion The psychological health situation of earth- quake relief servicemen was generally good. The more important influencing factors of servicemen＇ s mental health were support from leaders and colleagues, fighting morale, coping style, self-efficacy, personal control, cognition, motiv