腹部闭合伤致儿童胰腺外伤的诊治探讨

目的 探讨儿童腹部闭合性损伤导致胰腺外伤的病因及诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年1月至2008年5月间收治14例闭合性腹部损伤导致胰腺外伤患儿的临床资料.结果 男11例,女3例,男∶女=3.7∶1.致伤原因依次为自行车把致伤5例、交通事故4例、踢伤或殴伤3例、跌伤2例.临床表现有腹痛、腹部压痛、白细胞及血清淀粉酶升高和发热.实验室检查14例均有不同程度白细胞升高.10例(71.5%)血清淀粉酶升高,二者升高水平与胰腺损伤程度无关;重复血清淀粉酶值测定对胰腺外伤具有诊断意义.11例(78.6%)CT检查发现胰腺损伤6例(54.5%),5例CT检查正常但剖腹探查胰腺外伤2例;12例B超检查发现胰腺损伤8例;内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)检查1例.保守治疗成功9例,包括轻微损伤6例,远端胰管损伤1例,入院时有胰管损伤但未发现2例.剖腹探查及胰腺外引流术5例.胰腺假性囊肿形成后手术4例.结论 胰腺外伤在儿童腹部闭合性损伤中并不常见.诊断以血清淀粉酶升高、CT及B超检查为主,少数需剖腹探查.白细胞及血清淀粉酶升高水平与胰腺损伤程度无关.重复血清淀粉酶测定及CT检查对胰腺外伤具有诊断意义.大多数胰腺创伤包括胰管近端损伤儿童可以先保守治疗而不是冒风险手术干预,如果形成假性囊肿再后期引流.胰管远端损伤(Ⅲ级)最好选择保脾胰尾切除术.剖腹探查术中发现轻微胰腺损伤而采用腹部闭式引流措施意义不大.

Pancreatic injury in children with blunt abdominal trauma: a report of 14 cases

Objective To evaluate the management of pancreatic injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma.Methods Fourteen children with closed pancreatic injury from January 1999 to May 2008 were reviewed.Results There were 11 boys and 3 of girls (M:F = 3.7:1).Five injuries were a result of bicycle handlebar injury,4 were from vehicle-related accidents,3 from direct blow and 2 from fall.The clinical presentations of pancreatic injury were abdominal pain,tenderness,leukocytosis,hy-peramylasemia and fever.The laboratory findings associated with pancreatic injury were elevated serum amylase level in 10 (71.5%) and leukocytosis in all cases.No correlation was found between leukocyte level,amylase value and the severity of pancreas injury.Repeated amylase values and CT scans were useful in detecting pancreatic injuries.CT scan was obtained in 11(78.6%) patients and was diagnostic in 6 (54.5%).Two of four children with negative CT scan finding had pancreatic injuries confirmed by exploratory laparotomy.Ultrasound scan was performed in 12 (85.7%) patients and was positive for pancreatic injury in 8 (66.7%).One child had emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP).Nine children were treated conservatively.This included six with minor pancreas injuries,one with proximal pancreatic duct injury,and two with duct injuries that were missed at admission.Five children were operated.The procedures included exploratory laparoto-mies and external drainage of pseudocysts.Four children had external drainage of pseudocysts.Conclusions The diagnosis of pancreatic injury was confirmed by hyperamylasemia,CT evaluation and ultrasound scan,and laparotomy.Initial serum amylase level and leukocytosis do not correlate with the severity of pancreatic injury.The majority of pancreatic injuries can be managed non-operatively.The non-operative management of proximal pancreatic duct injury allows the formation pseudocyst which could be subsequently drained.Distal duct injuries are best managed by prompt spleen-sparing diatal pancreatectomy.There is no benefit for closed drainage of minor pancreatic injuries discovered laparotomy.