血管内激光光凝治疗大隐静脉曲张的超微结构观察

背景血管内光凝治疗大隐静脉曲张的机制研究尚少.目的探讨血管内光凝对曲张大隐静脉超微结构的改变.设计观察性研究.单位解放军总医院激光科.对象2004-01/04,解放军总医院门诊大隐静脉曲张并行血管内激光治疗的患者42例.纳入标准取踝部明显曲张而无明显血栓形成,表面皮肤完好,无明显营养性障碍的大隐静脉,患者均自愿参加,纳入9例.干预采用810 nm波长激光器,功率为12 W,暴光时间1 s,血管内光凝治疗曲张大隐静脉,3 h后取踝部光凝血管.主要观察指标行组织病理学检查观察光凝后血管超微结构变化.以正常静脉和治疗前曲张静脉作为对照.结果正常静脉分三层,内膜为单层血管内皮细胞,中膜为平滑肌细胞、弹力纤维和胶原纤维等,外膜为一疏松排列的结缔组织.曲张静脉组织学检查见内膜不完整,内皮细胞之间连接疏松,平滑肌细胞增生,肥厚或萎缩,弹力纤维减少,胶原纤维增多.光凝后管腔内可见大量血细胞,血小板扁平,伸出伪足,贴附于胶原表面.血管内皮细胞和靠近管腔部位的平滑肌细胞结构破坏,细胞浆外溢,和细胞外基质融合;靠近血管腔部位的弹力纤维和胶原纤维断裂,部分脱落于管腔;靠近外膜部位的弹力纤维和胶原纤维和外膜结构没有改变.结论激光光凝治疗静脉曲张引起内膜和部分中膜结构破坏,大量血细胞聚集于管腔,促进血小板附着于血管壁.

Ultrastructure of the varicose great saphenous vein after the treatment with intravascular laser occlusion

BACKGROUND: Studies about the mechanism of laser occlusion on the varicose great saphenous vein are rare.OBJECTIVE: To explore the ultrastructural changes of the great varicose saphnous vein after it was occluded with laser.DESIGN: An observational study.SETTING: Laser Department of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA .PARTICI PANTS: There were 42 patients with varicose great saphenous veins that were occluded with laser in clinic of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January to April 2004. The inclusive criteria: There must be obvious vein tangles beneath the undystrophic skin at ankle without apparent thrombus inside the vein. The patients involved should be voluntary to take part in the study. Finally 9 patients were enrolled in this study.INTERVENTION: The great saphenous vein was intravenously occluded with laser of 810 nm and the working power was 12 W and the exposure time was 1 s. The occluded vein sample was taken out 3 hours after the occlusion.MAINOUTCOME MEASURES: The ultrastrncture of the occluded vein was observed histopathologically. Normal vein and prereatment varicose vein served as control.RESULTS: The normal vein wall can be divided into 3 layers: the internal layer was composed of the simple endothelial cells; the median layer was composed of the smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers and collagenous fibers; the external layer was composed of the loose connective tissues. However, the internal layer of the varicose vein was incomplete, and the endothelial cells were loosely connected. The smooth muscle cells became hyperplasic, hypertrophic or atrophic. The elastic fibers decreased in number in contrast to the increase of collagenous fibers. After laser occlusion, in the vein lumen there was a large number of blood cells. The platelets became flattened with pseudopods and adhered to collagenous fibers. The endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells near the lumen were damaged and the cytoplasma leaked and fused with extracellular matrix. Broken collagenous and elastic fibers could be seen near the lumen and some were observed in the lumen. There was no structure change in the external layer and adjacent elastic fibers and collagenous fibers.CONCLUSION: Laser occlusion damaged the internal layer and part of median layer of the varicose vein, caused aggregation of the blood cells in the lumen and promoted the adhesion of platelets to vein walls.