白假丝酵母菌简便培养方法的建立及临床应用研究

目的探讨真菌简便培养方法的临床应用价值。方法收集2006年1月-2013年12月我院门诊及住院患者疑似真菌感染标本，建立真菌简便培养基对收集标本进行培养，并将其与法国梅里埃培养基进行比较；对比新鲜自制简便培养基与2—8℃放置6个月后简便培养基的真菌检出率。结果在2011-2013年收集的307份标本中，简便培养基白假丝酵母菌的检出率为38．4％，而梅里埃培养基的检出率为26．1％，自制简便培养基对阴道分泌物标本、痰标本白假丝酵母菌检出率优于梅里埃培养基，且差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05），而尿标本和咽拭子标本中两种方法白假丝酵母菌的检出率差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。白假丝酵母菌在两种培养基上的菌落形态相似，但梅里埃培养基上白假丝酵母菌菌落显示蓝色，而自制简便培养基白假丝酵母菌菌落呈奶油色，并且均能抑制大部分杂菌的生长。痰标本、阴道分泌物标本及其他标本的白假丝酵母菌检出率在新鲜与2～8℃放置6个月后培养基中差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。在2006—2010年共2840份阴道分泌物标本中，检出白假丝酵母菌以外的其他致病菌475份，阳性检出率为16．7％（475／2840），其中白假丝酵母菌与其他致病菌双重感染者有87例，阳性检出率为3．1％（87／2840）。结论真菌简便培养基制作简单、成本低廉，对白假丝酵母菌有良好选择性，可向农村基层医疗机构推广使用。

The constrution and clinical application of convenient Candida albicans cultivation method

Objective To study the clinical application value of a convenient fungus cultivation method. Methods The suspected samples of fungus infection from the clinic service and hospitalization patients in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2013 were collected. The fungus infection samples were detected by convenient fungus cultivation method. The cultivated results of homemade culture media were compared with conventional pour-plate method. The detection rates of fresh homemade culture media and culture media saved 6 months at 2-8 ℃ were compared. Results The Candida albicans detection rates of homemade culture media and conventional culture media were 38.4% and 26.1%, respectively among 307 samples from 2011 to 2013. The detection rates of homemade culture media in vaginal secretions and sputum samples were better than that of conventional pour-plate method, and the differences all had statistical significance （Pall〈 0.05 ）. There was no statistical significance in the detection rates of urine and pharyngeal swab samples between two methods （Pall〉 0.05 ）. The colonial morphology were plesiomorphism, and almost the other bacterium were depressed in the two culture medias. The colonial morphology shown blue in conventional culture media, but shown cream in homemade culture media. There were no statistical significance in sputum sample ,vaginal secretions and the other samples between fresh homemade culture media and culture media saved 6 months at 2- 8 ℃ （Pall〉 0.05 ）. The detection rate of the other pathogenic bacterium except Candida albicans in vaginal secretions from 2006 to 2010 was 16.7% （475/2840）,including 87 cases combined Candida albicans, and the positive rate was 3.1% （87/2840）. Conclusion The fungus convenient culture media is simple made, low cost, and well selected to Candida albicans, which can be used widely in grassroots medical institutions.