阜阳市2005～2006年狂犬病流行因素分析

目的分析阜阳市2005～2006年狂犬病流行因素,探讨有效防制措施。方法对本市发生的所有狂犬病病人进行调查;选择有狂犬病的自然村对农村犬密度及犬免疫状况进行调查,设两个狂犬病门诊为暴露人群监测点。结果2005～2006年全市共发生43例狂犬病患者,年平均发病率为0.25/10万,病死率为100%;全市8个县（市、区）均有病例报告,以临泉县发病最多（14例）,占全市的32.56%;发病年龄最大77岁,最小2岁,儿童及青壮年发病较多;职业以农民为主,占72.09%;伤人动物以犬为主,占95.00%;伤口暴露部位以上肢为主,占57.50%;伤口以Ⅲ度伤为主,占80%;未进行伤口处理22例,占55.00%;未接种疫苗33例,占76.74%,接种疫苗者90%未全程免疫。门诊暴露人群以农民为主;各月均有暴露者,以6～8月份最多,占35.89%;最大年龄89岁,最小28天;暴露部位以下肢为主,占56.19%;咬伤程度以Ⅱ度为主,占53.63%。户犬密度为89.22%,犬的免疫率为34.62%。结论犬密度高,免疫率低,群众防病意识差,伤口处理不规范,未按规定程序进行免疫,是本市人间狂犬病流行的主要因素。

Analysis of Rabies Epidemic Factors from 2005 to 2006 in Fuyang city

Objective To analyze epidemic factors rabies of from 2005 to 2006 in Fuyang prefecture and find effective countermeasures. Methods Related information of All rabies patients was investigated. Density and vaccination of the dogs in villages with rabies patients were also investigated. Two rabies Outpatient clinics were selected as surveillance sites of rabies. Results 43 rabies patients from 2005 to 2006 in the prefecture were reported. The annual mean disease incidence was 0.28 per one hundred thousand. Fatality rate was 100%. The eight counties of the prefecture had rabies cases. Linquan county ranked the first, accounted for 32.56% of all cases. The highest age was 77 years old. The lowest age was 2 years old. Most patients were children and the young and mature persons. The main occupation of the cases was farmer, accounted for 72.09%. The main animal was the dog, accounted for 95.00%. The main wound spot was the upper limbs, accounted for 57.50%, then the lower limb and face. The most wound degree was III degree, accounted for 80%. Wounded sites of 22 cases were not treated, accounting for 55.00%. 33 patients were not vaccinated, accounted for 76.74%. 90% of the patients who were vaccinated did not meet the ruled procedure. Clinic outpatients hurt by dogs were mainly from rural areas. The outpatients could occur in every month. But most occurred from June to August, accounted for 35.89%. The highest age was 89 years old. The lowest was only 28 days old. The main wound spot was the lower limb, accounted for 56. 19%. The most wound degree was Ⅱ degree, accounted for 53.63%. The dog density was 89.22%, The immunization rate of the dogs was 34.62%. Conclusions High dog density, low immunization rate of dogs, low prevention awareness among the population, no wound processing, low vaccination or incompletion immunity of the cases were the main epidemic factors of rabies in the city.