住院患者医院感染的流行病学调查

目的 探讨医院感染的流行特征，为预防和控制医院感染提供依据。方法 对2001年22227例住院病人中发生的371例医院感染进行临床流行病学回顾性调查。结果 医院感染发生率为1．67％。小于10a及大于60a年龄组医院感染发生率高于其他年龄组，占医院感染总人数52．5％。住院时间越长发生医院感染机会就越多。医院感染率较高的前三位科室是血液内科、儿科、烧伤科。医院感染发生部位以呼吸道为主，占44．2％。感染前抗生素使用率为98．28％，抗生素联合使用率达82．19％。与医院感染关系较密切的危险因素有住院时间长、长期用抗生素、肿瘤、营养不良、免疫功能低下等。结论 医院应加强医院感染的监测方法，采用前瞻性监测及目标性监测，把血液内科、儿科、烧伤科及婴幼儿、老年患作为重点监测对象，缩短住院时间，合理使用抗生素，加强营养，增强患的自身免疫力。

An epidemiological research of nosocomial infection among inpatients

Objective To study the epidemiological features of nosocomial infection and provide evidence for preventing and controlling the nosocomial infection. Methods According to the diagnosing standard of nosocomial infection, on 371 cases with nosocomial infection among 22 227 cases inpatient in 2001 were investigated. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 1.67%. The highest nosocomial infection rate was in the department of nosohemia. The site of nosocomial infection occurred mainly in respiratory tract with 44.2%. The using rate of antibiotic reached 98.28% before infection. The risk factors of nosocomial infection included tumor, long period in hospital, innutrition, long term using wide spectrum antibiotic and low immunity etc. Conclusions Hospital should improve the monitoring method of nosocomial infection. The emphased monitoring objects were department of nosohemia, pediatric, burn, baby child and old age patient. Shortening time in hospital, using antibiotic reasonable, strengthen nutrition and self immunity could reduce the rate of nosocomial infection.[