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Auditory gamma oscillations predict global symptomatic outcome in the early stages of psychosis: A longitudinal investigation
Authors:Daisuke Koshiyama  Kenji Kirihara  Mariko Tada  Tatsuya Nagai  Mao Fujioka  Eriko Ichikawa  Kazusa Ohta  Motoko Tani  Maiko Tsuchiya  Akiko Kanehara  Kentaro Morita  Kingo Sawada  Jun Matsuoka  Yoshihiro Satomura  Shinsuke Koike  Motomu Suga  Tsuyoshi Araki  Kiyoto Kasai
Affiliation:1. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2. The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Psychiatry, Kawamuro Memorial Hospital, Niigata, Japan;4. University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan;5. Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;6. Department of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract:

Objectives

The gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is thought to reflect the function of parvalbumin-positive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons and may be a candidate biomarker in early psychosis. Although previous cross-sectional studies have shown that gamma-band ASSR is reduced in early psychosis, whether reduced gamma-band ASSR could be a predictor of the long-term prognosis remains unknown.

Methods

In this longitudinal study, we investigated the association between gamma-band ASSR reduction and future global symptomatic or functional outcome in early psychosis. We measured 40-Hz ASSR in 34 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSZ), 28 ultra-high risk (UHR) individuals, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline. After 1–2?years, we evaluated the global assessment of functioning (GAF) in the ROSZ (N?=?20) and UHR (N?=?20) groups.

Results

The 40-Hz ASSR was significantly reduced in the ROSZ and UHR groups. The attenuated 40-Hz ASSR was correlated with the future global symptomatic outcome in the ROSZ, but not in the UHR groups.

Conclusions

A reduction in the gamma-band ASSR after the onset of psychosis may predict symptomatic outcomes in early psychosis.

Significance

Gamma-band ASSR may be a potentially useful biomarker of the long-term prognosis in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.
Keywords:Gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR)  Ultra-high risk  Recent-onset schizophrenia  Longitudinal study  The global assessment of functioning (GAF)  Symptomatic outcome
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