不同药物不同途径预防小鼠日本血吸虫感染的效果比较

目的　比较吡喹酮等药物不同途径预防小鼠日本血吸虫感染的效果。　方法　将吡喹酮、氯硝柳胺、丙硫咪唑和中药 W按一定剂量单独或配伍对小白鼠灌胃给药 ,进行 12 h预防日本血吸虫感染试验。同时进行含不同剂量不同透皮促进剂 (二甲亚砜、Azone、1,2 -丙二醇 )吡喹酮霜剂的小鼠 12 h或 2 4 h皮涂防护试验 ,并用环卵沉淀试验 (COPT)检测皮涂小鼠血清抗血吸虫抗体。　结果　皮涂各组减虫率均为 10 0 % ,可达 12 h或 2 4 h完全防护 ,透皮促进剂中 Azone用量少且无臭 ,COPT灵敏度和特异度均较高。灌胃各组比较 ,中药 W减虫效果明显 ,但毒性较大 ;吡喹酮单用及合用效果均好于氯硝柳胺 ,且吡喹酮与丙硫咪唑合用有一定增效作用 ,其中吡喹酮 14 0 m g/ kg合并丙硫咪唑 6 0 mg/ kg可达 12 h完全防护。　结论　皮涂吡喹酮霜剂效果好于口服预防 ,透皮剂中 Azone较理想 ,口服预防联合用药可降低剂量和毒性 ,提高防护效果。

THE EFFECTIVE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DRUGS AND ADMINISTRATIONAL ROUTES TO PREVENT INFECTION WITH SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM IN MICE

Objective To compare the effects of different drugs and administrational routes to prevent infection with Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Methods Praziquantel, niclosamide, albendzole and Chinese herb W were singly or combinatively administrated at different dosages by oral route to prevent mice infection with S. japonicum in 12 h. Meanwhile, praziquantel cream, including the dermal penetrating accelerators (dimethyl sulfoxide, azone, propylene glycol) of different dosages, were smeared to protect mice infection with S. japonicum in 12 h or 24 h, and the anti schistosome antibody of all mice of cutaneous administration were examined by circular ovum precipitation test (COPT). Results All the dermal administrating groups of praziquantel cream reached the perfect protection of 12 h or 24 h with the worm reduction rates of 100%, azone had less using dosage and no offensive smell, the sensitivity and specificity of COPT were higher. Among the oral administrating groups, Chinese herb W could reduced the schistosome worms significantly, but with larger toxicity. Praziquantel, whether single or combinative oral administration, was better than niclosamide in prevention. The combined use of praziquantel and albendazole showed certain synergy, that of praziquantel 140 mg/kg and albendazole 60 mg/kg reached perfect protection of 12 h. Conclusion The preventing effect of praziquantel cream was better than that of oral prevention, azone was satisfactory as a dermal penetration accelerator, the combinative oral administration could decrease dosage and toxicity, and enhance the protective effect.