支气管哮喘急性发作病因调查分析

目的：探讨支气管哮喘急性发作病因、预防和治疗。方法：用自我设计问卷调查我院2004年1月1日至2006年6月30日我院门诊、急诊。住院支气管哮喘急性发病病人251例次并观察治疗一周后效果。结果：（1）吸入新的变应原发作的11例,暴露于油漆、胶水、农药等刺激物25例共36例占14.5%,（2）月经期急性发作18例占7.5%。（3）呼吸道感染（病毒感染20例,细菌感染15例）35例占14.3%。（4）未经治疗或不规范治疗95例（其中不当减药、停药74例占38.9%。（5）鼻炎加重发作57例占22.9%。结论：（1）支气管哮喘急性发作的病因与吸入新的变应原、刺激物、月经期、过敏性鼻炎加重、呼吸道感染有关,特别是不规范的治疗过早的减药、停药关系密切。未经治疗病例还占一定比例（9.5%）。（2）要迅速控制支气管哮喘急性发作要同时治疗过敏性鼻炎和呼吸道感染。要避免过敏原及刺激物接触也可以给予脱敏治疗。

The Survey of Acute Asthma Attacks for Its Management and Prevention

Objective: To investigate the etiology , prevention and management of acute asthma attacks. Methods: Interview with self-designed questionnaire to survey patients with acute asthma attacks for clinic visit or emergency department visit, and record the clinical outcome after 1 week treatment. Results: 1. Inhaltion of new allergens (11 cases) or irritants like paints, glue and insecticides (25 cases) totaling 36 cases (14.5%), 2.menstrural asthma 18 cases (17.5%),3. Respiratory infection (20 viral, 15 bacteria) 35 cases (14.3%),exacerbation of rhinitis 57 cases (22.9%),4. new cases (21 cases,9.5%) or inappropriate management (improper reduction or stoppage of asthma controlling drugs) 74 cases (29.4%) totaling 95 cases (38.9%). Conclusion: (1)Acute asthma attacks are linked with exposure to new allergens or irritants, menstrual period, exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and respiratory infection, especially inappropriate reduction or stoppage of drugs, there are certain amount of new cases (9.5%). (2)Allergic rhinitis and respiratory infection are to be controlled to achieve rapid control of acute asthma attack.