"阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤的疗效评价

目的：采用"阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤,探讨其疗效及安全性。方法：治疗前对98例婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤患儿进行全面评估,并行心电图、心脏彩超、血糖、肝功能、肾功能、心肌酶和血常规检查,排除禁忌证后均给予"阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗,剂量从0.5mg·kg^-1·d^-1逐渐增加至4.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,分3次口服,服药前和服药后1和2h监测心率,动态观察瘤体大小、质地、颜色等变化及患儿有无相关不良反应,每个月复诊,按4级评分法进行疗效评价。结果：服药后,98例患儿瘤体均出现不同程度颜色变浅或质地变软,普茶洛尔剂量增至4.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1后瘤体性质变化最快。疗效评价,Ⅳ级（优）84例（85.71%）,Ⅲ级（好）2例（2.04%）,Ⅱ级（中）4例（4.08%）,Ⅰ级（差）8例（8.16%）。混合型血管瘤的疗效优于深层血管瘤（P<0.05）。74例血管瘤患儿痊愈时间为6个月。主要不良反应,心率下降5例（5/98,5.10%）,嗜睡3例（3/98,3.06%）,腹泻7例（7/98,7.14%）,食欲不振1例（1/98,1.02%）,抽搐2例（2/98,2.04%）,给予对症处理后均恢复正常。停药后2个月复发4例,继续服药仍然有效。结论："阶梯治疗方案"口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿混合型和深层血管瘤疗效明显,且无严重不良反应发生。

Evaluation on therapentic effect of "ladder dosage" propranolol on mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma

Objective:To treat the mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma with "ladder dosage" propranolol, and to explore its efficacy and safety.Methods:A total of 98 infants with hemangioma were treated by ladder treatment of propranolol.Before treatment,comprehensive assessments of electrocardiogram(ECG),heart color ultrasound, blood glucose,liver function,kidney function,myocardial enzymes and blood routine were conducted.After excluding contraindications,the dose of propranolol incrementally doubled from 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 to 4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1.Propranolol was taken 3 times a day.Before and after medication for 1 and 2 h,ECG was monitored.The changes of tumor size,texture,color and other changes or an onset of adverse reactions were dynamicly observed.The infants were visited every month.The efficacy was evaluated using Achauer system.Results: After medication,98 cases had different degrees of color changes or tumor consistency softening.After the dosage of propranolol was increased to 4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1,the change of tumor was the fastest.According to the 4-grade method, there were 84 cases(85.71%) as gradeⅣ (excellent),2 cases (2.04%) as grade Ⅲ (good),4 cases (4.08%) as gradeⅡ (medium)and 8 cases (8.16%) as gradeⅠ (poor).The curative effect of mixed hemangioma was better than that of deeper hemangioma(P<0.05).The recovery time of 74 cases of hemangiomas was 6 months.The major adverse reactions were heart rate decline(5/98,5.10%),drowsiness(3/98,3.06%),diarrhea(7/98,7.14%),loss of appetite (1/98,1.02%), and convulsions (2/98,2.04%).After treatment,all adverse reactions disappeared.Two months after drug withdrawal there were 4 cases of recurrence,and they were continously treated with propranolol.Conclusion: The efficacy of oral "ladder dosage" propranolol in treatment of mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma is increased significantly and there are no significant adverse reactions.