基于颅骨骨窗的国人大脑功能区定位

目的 探讨基于颅骨骨窗划分的国人大脑重要功能区定位关系。方法 选取13具成人尸头，保留颞上线、鳞状线、矢状缝、冠状缝、人字缝、前囟点、冠状点、鼻根等骨性标志，形成额骨上窗、额骨下窗、顶骨上窗、顶骨下窗、颞骨窗、枕骨窗共六个骨窗，观测中央前回、中央后回、额下回等重要脑功能区以及脑膜中动脉在各骨窗内的定位和分布情况。结果 中央前回分布于额骨上窗、顶骨上窗，其中点在中线上位于前囟点后方约4.2 cm右侧（4.17±0.92）cm，左侧（4.31±1.1）cm]，与矢状缝夹角约54°右侧（53.6±7.47）°，左侧（54.63±3.54）°]。中央后回位于顶骨下窗，其中点在中线上位于前囟点后方约6.2 cm右侧（64.51±0.87）°，左侧（63.63±1.76）°]，与矢状缝夹角约64°右侧（64.51±0.87）°，左侧（63.63±1.76）°]。额下回位于额骨下窗，而颞上回及颞横回的大部分位于颞骨窗，距状沟则位于枕骨窗；脑膜中动脉仅分布在顶骨上、下窗，其出现率分别为73.12%、67.42%。结论 基于颅骨骨窗划分的大脑重要功能区的定位关系对于术前规划及术中定位有一定指导意义。

Localization of cerebral functional area on skull bone in Chinese

Objective To localize of important cerebral functional areas on the skull bone in Chinese. Methods Thirteen Chinese adult cadaver heads were used in this study. Six cranial bone windows were formed according to such bony landmarks as the supratemporal line, Squamous line, sagittal suture, coronal suture, lambdoidal suture, bregma, stephanion and nasion, including superior frontal window, inferior frontal window, temporal window, superior parietal window, inferior parietal window and occipital window. The location of the projections of important cerebral function areas including the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and so on and middle meningeal artery were determined on the skull bone. Results The projection of the precentral gyrus was in both the superior parietal bone window and the superior frontal bone window, the its middle point was 4.2cm (right: 4.17 cm±0.92 cm; left: 4.31 cm±1.1 cm) behind the bregma, and it formed a 54 ° angle (right: 53.6°±7.47°; left: 54.63°±3.54°) with the sagittal suture. The projection of postcentral gyrus was in the inferior parietal bone window, its middle point was 6.2 cm (right: 6.12cm±1.22 cm; left: 6.31 cm±0.71 cm) behind the bregma, and it formed a 64° angle (right: 64.51°±0.87°, left: 63.63°±1.76°) with the sagittal suture. The projection of the inferior frontal gyrus was in the inferior frontal bone window. The projection of the superior temporal gyrus and the transverse temporal gyrus appeared in the temporal bone window. The projection of the calcarine sulcus was in the occipital bone window. The projection of the middle meningeal artery merely was in the superior parietal or inferior parietal bone window, in which its appearance rate was 73.12% and 67.42% respectively. Conclusion The localization of the cerebral functional area on cranial bone in Chinese is very helpful to neurosurgery for the foci of the cerebral function rears.