两种血管性痴呆动物模型的研究

目的 建立可靠的血管性痴呆动物模型。方法 用永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉法和颅外安置小磁铁吸附经大鼠尾静脉注射的四氧化三铁方法建立痴呆模型，以Y型电迷宫和Morris水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力，并在光学显微镜观察大鼠海马组织结构的变化。结果 (1)永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉后30天大鼠出现明显的记忆能力下降；海马锥体细胞数量减少，神经核固缩，神经元突起断裂、排列紊乱。(2)用磁铁吸附经大鼠尾静脉注射的四氧化三铁后14天，大鼠出现明显的记忆能力下降；在光学显微镜下见到痴呆大鼠大脑皮质和海马区微血管梗死灶，海马锥体细胞核深染、固缩、变形。结论 永久性结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉法和颅外安置小磁铁吸附经大鼠尾静脉注射的四氧化三铁方法均可建立血管性痴呆动物模型，并可用于血管性痴呆的基础研究；前者可用于探讨老年期痴呆的防治途径。

Study on animal models for vascular dementia

Objective To prepare an animal model of vascular dementia. Methods The vascular dementia model in rats was reproduced by injecting Fe 3O 4 particles into the caudal vein after fixing a magnet on the skull surface .The other vascular dementia model was reproduced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries of rats. The ability of learning and memory was tested by using the Y-type maze and Morris water maze. Meanwhile,the hippocampal histomorphology was observed and analyzed by microcopy. Results The average escape latency was prolonged and loss of cells was observed in CA1 subfield of hippocampus for 30 days after occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries on rats. The learning and memory ability of rats that was reproduced by injecting Fe particles into the caudal vein after fixing a magnet on the skull surface was impaired for 14 days after the operation. Conclusion Two kinds of model resulted in hypomnesia ,and the animal models reproduced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries of rats may be advantageous to the evaluation of drugs that prevent and treat vascular dementia.